Minimizing area of ellipse












5












$begingroup$


Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
enter image description here
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:



enter image description here










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$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:18






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not to add the equations to the post ?
    $endgroup$
    – Claude Leibovici
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:22










  • $begingroup$
    Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
    $endgroup$
    – Christian Blatter
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:28










  • $begingroup$
    No it has to be chosen appropriately
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Aretino Yes they do
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
















5












$begingroup$


Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
enter image description here
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:



enter image description here










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:18






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not to add the equations to the post ?
    $endgroup$
    – Claude Leibovici
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:22










  • $begingroup$
    Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
    $endgroup$
    – Christian Blatter
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:28










  • $begingroup$
    No it has to be chosen appropriately
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Aretino Yes they do
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:37














5












5








5


2



$begingroup$


Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
enter image description here
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:



enter image description here










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
enter image description here
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:



enter image description here







conic-sections






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:47







Harsh

















asked Dec 30 '18 at 15:22









HarshHarsh

565




565












  • $begingroup$
    Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:18






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not to add the equations to the post ?
    $endgroup$
    – Claude Leibovici
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:22










  • $begingroup$
    Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
    $endgroup$
    – Christian Blatter
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:28










  • $begingroup$
    No it has to be chosen appropriately
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Aretino Yes they do
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:37


















  • $begingroup$
    Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:18






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not to add the equations to the post ?
    $endgroup$
    – Claude Leibovici
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:22










  • $begingroup$
    Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
    $endgroup$
    – Christian Blatter
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:28










  • $begingroup$
    No it has to be chosen appropriately
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Aretino Yes they do
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
















$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18




$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18




1




1




$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22




$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22












$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28




$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28












$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36




$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36












$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37




$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















3












$begingroup$

If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
$$
A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
$$

then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
$$
{x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
$$

where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
$$
(x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
$$

and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
$$
a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
$$

Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



EDIT.



The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










  • $begingroup$
    @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
    $endgroup$
    – YiFan
    Dec 30 '18 at 23:58





















1












$begingroup$

Let me try to help with the discriminant.



Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



So the equation becomes
$$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
$$



Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



Use this in (1) above:



$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
$$



Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



$$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



$$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$






share|cite|improve this answer









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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    3












    $begingroup$

    If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
    $$
    A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
    $$

    then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
    $$
    {x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
    $$

    where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
    $$
    (x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
    $$

    and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
    The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
    $$
    a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
    $$

    Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



    EDIT.



    The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
      $endgroup$
      – Harsh
      Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
      $endgroup$
      – Aretino
      Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










    • $begingroup$
      @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
      $endgroup$
      – YiFan
      Dec 30 '18 at 23:58


















    3












    $begingroup$

    If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
    $$
    A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
    $$

    then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
    $$
    {x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
    $$

    where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
    $$
    (x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
    $$

    and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
    The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
    $$
    a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
    $$

    Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



    EDIT.



    The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
      $endgroup$
      – Harsh
      Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
      $endgroup$
      – Aretino
      Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










    • $begingroup$
      @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
      $endgroup$
      – YiFan
      Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
















    3












    3








    3





    $begingroup$

    If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
    $$
    A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
    $$

    then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
    $$
    {x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
    $$

    where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
    $$
    (x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
    $$

    and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
    The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
    $$
    a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
    $$

    Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



    EDIT.



    The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$



    If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
    $$
    A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
    $$

    then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
    $$
    {x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
    $$

    where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
    $$
    (x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
    $$

    and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
    The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
    $$
    a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
    $$

    Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



    EDIT.



    The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.







    share|cite|improve this answer














    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer








    edited Dec 30 '18 at 20:24

























    answered Dec 30 '18 at 18:09









    AretinoAretino

    24.3k21443




    24.3k21443












    • $begingroup$
      Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
      $endgroup$
      – Harsh
      Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
      $endgroup$
      – Aretino
      Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










    • $begingroup$
      @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
      $endgroup$
      – YiFan
      Dec 30 '18 at 23:58




















    • $begingroup$
      Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
      $endgroup$
      – Harsh
      Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
      $endgroup$
      – Aretino
      Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










    • $begingroup$
      @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
      $endgroup$
      – YiFan
      Dec 30 '18 at 23:58


















    $begingroup$
    Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 19:33






    $begingroup$
    Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 19:33






    1




    1




    $begingroup$
    I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 20:18




    $begingroup$
    I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 20:18












    $begingroup$
    @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
    $endgroup$
    – YiFan
    Dec 30 '18 at 23:58






    $begingroup$
    @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
    $endgroup$
    – YiFan
    Dec 30 '18 at 23:58













    1












    $begingroup$

    Let me try to help with the discriminant.



    Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



    Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



    So the equation becomes
    $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



    Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



    Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
    $$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
    $$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



    Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



    $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
    $$



    Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



    Use this in (1) above:



    $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
    $$



    Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



    $$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



    Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



    $$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$


















      1












      $begingroup$

      Let me try to help with the discriminant.



      Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



      Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



      So the equation becomes
      $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



      Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



      Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
      $$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
      $$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



      Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



      $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
      $$



      Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



      Use this in (1) above:



      $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
      $$



      Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



      $$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



      Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



      $$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$
















        1












        1








        1





        $begingroup$

        Let me try to help with the discriminant.



        Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



        Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



        So the equation becomes
        $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



        Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



        Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
        $$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
        $$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



        Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



        $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
        $$



        Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



        Use this in (1) above:



        $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
        $$



        Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



        $$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



        Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



        $$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        Let me try to help with the discriminant.



        Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



        Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



        So the equation becomes
        $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



        Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



        Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
        $$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
        $$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



        Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



        $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
        $$



        Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



        Use this in (1) above:



        $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
        $$



        Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



        $$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



        Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



        $$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Dec 31 '18 at 0:55









        PTDSPTDS

        56923




        56923






























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