Convergence of $sum_{n=0}^{infty}(-2)^{n^2}/n!$ [closed]












0















Is this series convergent $$sum_{n=0}^inftyfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!},?$$




I am supposed to find out if this series is convergent, absolutely convergent or divergent.
No test has given me information.
By this point i am aware that I'm supposed to simplify something but i don't know how. How do I get rid of $2^{n^2}$? Below is my attempt.



enter image description here










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closed as off-topic by RRL, Leucippus, user10354138, ancientmathematician, Vidyanshu Mishra Dec 7 at 7:59


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – RRL, Leucippus, user10354138, ancientmathematician, Vidyanshu Mishra

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.













  • Recall that we always need to check the foundamental necessary condition for any convergent $sum a_n$.
    – gimusi
    Dec 6 at 22:25












  • In order to reopen your OP, you should improve your question adding your trial by ratio test using MathJax. Do not hesitate to ask if you need some help. Bye
    – gimusi
    Dec 7 at 15:21
















0















Is this series convergent $$sum_{n=0}^inftyfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!},?$$




I am supposed to find out if this series is convergent, absolutely convergent or divergent.
No test has given me information.
By this point i am aware that I'm supposed to simplify something but i don't know how. How do I get rid of $2^{n^2}$? Below is my attempt.



enter image description here










share|cite|improve this question















closed as off-topic by RRL, Leucippus, user10354138, ancientmathematician, Vidyanshu Mishra Dec 7 at 7:59


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – RRL, Leucippus, user10354138, ancientmathematician, Vidyanshu Mishra

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.













  • Recall that we always need to check the foundamental necessary condition for any convergent $sum a_n$.
    – gimusi
    Dec 6 at 22:25












  • In order to reopen your OP, you should improve your question adding your trial by ratio test using MathJax. Do not hesitate to ask if you need some help. Bye
    – gimusi
    Dec 7 at 15:21














0












0








0








Is this series convergent $$sum_{n=0}^inftyfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!},?$$




I am supposed to find out if this series is convergent, absolutely convergent or divergent.
No test has given me information.
By this point i am aware that I'm supposed to simplify something but i don't know how. How do I get rid of $2^{n^2}$? Below is my attempt.



enter image description here










share|cite|improve this question
















Is this series convergent $$sum_{n=0}^inftyfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!},?$$




I am supposed to find out if this series is convergent, absolutely convergent or divergent.
No test has given me information.
By this point i am aware that I'm supposed to simplify something but i don't know how. How do I get rid of $2^{n^2}$? Below is my attempt.



enter image description here







real-analysis sequences-and-series convergence






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share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Dec 12 at 3:19









Batominovski

33.7k33292




33.7k33292










asked Dec 6 at 22:08









YoungDumbBroke

43




43




closed as off-topic by RRL, Leucippus, user10354138, ancientmathematician, Vidyanshu Mishra Dec 7 at 7:59


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – RRL, Leucippus, user10354138, ancientmathematician, Vidyanshu Mishra

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.




closed as off-topic by RRL, Leucippus, user10354138, ancientmathematician, Vidyanshu Mishra Dec 7 at 7:59


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – RRL, Leucippus, user10354138, ancientmathematician, Vidyanshu Mishra

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.












  • Recall that we always need to check the foundamental necessary condition for any convergent $sum a_n$.
    – gimusi
    Dec 6 at 22:25












  • In order to reopen your OP, you should improve your question adding your trial by ratio test using MathJax. Do not hesitate to ask if you need some help. Bye
    – gimusi
    Dec 7 at 15:21


















  • Recall that we always need to check the foundamental necessary condition for any convergent $sum a_n$.
    – gimusi
    Dec 6 at 22:25












  • In order to reopen your OP, you should improve your question adding your trial by ratio test using MathJax. Do not hesitate to ask if you need some help. Bye
    – gimusi
    Dec 7 at 15:21
















Recall that we always need to check the foundamental necessary condition for any convergent $sum a_n$.
– gimusi
Dec 6 at 22:25






Recall that we always need to check the foundamental necessary condition for any convergent $sum a_n$.
– gimusi
Dec 6 at 22:25














In order to reopen your OP, you should improve your question adding your trial by ratio test using MathJax. Do not hesitate to ask if you need some help. Bye
– gimusi
Dec 7 at 15:21




In order to reopen your OP, you should improve your question adding your trial by ratio test using MathJax. Do not hesitate to ask if you need some help. Bye
– gimusi
Dec 7 at 15:21










4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















2














From $n!le n^n$ and $2^ngt n$ for all $nge1$, we have



$${2^{n^2}over n!}ge{2^{n^2}over n^n}=left(2^nover nright)^ngt1$$



so $(-2)^{n^2}/n!notto0$, and therefore the series diverges.






share|cite|improve this answer





























    0














    HINT



    Let consider



    $$lim_{nto infty}left|frac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}right|=lim_{nto infty}frac{2^{n^2}}{n!}$$






    share|cite|improve this answer























    • if the limit of this is not zero then the series diverges, right? I'm not sure how to solve for that limit though, can you be more specific?
      – YoungDumbBroke
      Dec 6 at 22:30










    • apply a log to the top and bottom And consider $ln n! = ln n + ln(n-1) + cdots < nln n$
      – Doug M
      Dec 6 at 22:34












    • @YoungDumbBroke Exacly, try by ratio test!
      – gimusi
      Dec 6 at 22:35










    • @gimusi i tried but i get 1/0
      – YoungDumbBroke
      Dec 6 at 22:43






    • 1




      @YoungDumbBroke I've seen that but I don't get some step, we simply should have $$frac{2^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}frac{n!}{2^{n^2}}=frac{2^{(n+1)^2-n^2}}{n+1}=frac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}$$
      – gimusi
      Dec 6 at 23:01





















    0














    $|(-2)^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{n^2 + 2n+ 1}| = (2^{n^2})(2^{2n})(2)$



    Now apply the ratio test.






    share|cite|improve this answer





















    • why apply n+1 before doing the ratio test? I do get the problem solved that way but i don't understand why?
      – YoungDumbBroke
      Dec 6 at 22:40










    • The ratio test looks at $|frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|$ If the ratio is greater than 1 it does not converge (conditionally or absolutely). If the ratio is less than one it converges. If it equals 1 the test is inconclusive and may converge conditionally but not absolutely. I was just trying to show that $a_{n+1}$ can be manipulated to form something that is divisible by $a_n$
      – Doug M
      Dec 6 at 23:10





















    0














    You seem to have an algebra error, using the Ratio Test, you have



    $$
    lim_{n to infty} left| dfrac{dfrac{(-2)^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}}{dfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}} right|= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2+2n+1}}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{n!}{(n+1)!}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2} cdot 2^{2n} cdot 2}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{1}{n+1}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}stackrel{L.H.}{=} lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1} ln 2 cdot 2}{1}= infty
    $$






    share|cite|improve this answer





















    • we did not cover L.H. rule in class, so I can't use it
      – YoungDumbBroke
      Dec 6 at 23:12


















    4 Answers
    4






    active

    oldest

    votes








    4 Answers
    4






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    2














    From $n!le n^n$ and $2^ngt n$ for all $nge1$, we have



    $${2^{n^2}over n!}ge{2^{n^2}over n^n}=left(2^nover nright)^ngt1$$



    so $(-2)^{n^2}/n!notto0$, and therefore the series diverges.






    share|cite|improve this answer


























      2














      From $n!le n^n$ and $2^ngt n$ for all $nge1$, we have



      $${2^{n^2}over n!}ge{2^{n^2}over n^n}=left(2^nover nright)^ngt1$$



      so $(-2)^{n^2}/n!notto0$, and therefore the series diverges.






      share|cite|improve this answer
























        2












        2








        2






        From $n!le n^n$ and $2^ngt n$ for all $nge1$, we have



        $${2^{n^2}over n!}ge{2^{n^2}over n^n}=left(2^nover nright)^ngt1$$



        so $(-2)^{n^2}/n!notto0$, and therefore the series diverges.






        share|cite|improve this answer












        From $n!le n^n$ and $2^ngt n$ for all $nge1$, we have



        $${2^{n^2}over n!}ge{2^{n^2}over n^n}=left(2^nover nright)^ngt1$$



        so $(-2)^{n^2}/n!notto0$, and therefore the series diverges.







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Dec 6 at 23:20









        Barry Cipra

        58.8k653123




        58.8k653123























            0














            HINT



            Let consider



            $$lim_{nto infty}left|frac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}right|=lim_{nto infty}frac{2^{n^2}}{n!}$$






            share|cite|improve this answer























            • if the limit of this is not zero then the series diverges, right? I'm not sure how to solve for that limit though, can you be more specific?
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:30










            • apply a log to the top and bottom And consider $ln n! = ln n + ln(n-1) + cdots < nln n$
              – Doug M
              Dec 6 at 22:34












            • @YoungDumbBroke Exacly, try by ratio test!
              – gimusi
              Dec 6 at 22:35










            • @gimusi i tried but i get 1/0
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:43






            • 1




              @YoungDumbBroke I've seen that but I don't get some step, we simply should have $$frac{2^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}frac{n!}{2^{n^2}}=frac{2^{(n+1)^2-n^2}}{n+1}=frac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}$$
              – gimusi
              Dec 6 at 23:01


















            0














            HINT



            Let consider



            $$lim_{nto infty}left|frac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}right|=lim_{nto infty}frac{2^{n^2}}{n!}$$






            share|cite|improve this answer























            • if the limit of this is not zero then the series diverges, right? I'm not sure how to solve for that limit though, can you be more specific?
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:30










            • apply a log to the top and bottom And consider $ln n! = ln n + ln(n-1) + cdots < nln n$
              – Doug M
              Dec 6 at 22:34












            • @YoungDumbBroke Exacly, try by ratio test!
              – gimusi
              Dec 6 at 22:35










            • @gimusi i tried but i get 1/0
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:43






            • 1




              @YoungDumbBroke I've seen that but I don't get some step, we simply should have $$frac{2^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}frac{n!}{2^{n^2}}=frac{2^{(n+1)^2-n^2}}{n+1}=frac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}$$
              – gimusi
              Dec 6 at 23:01
















            0












            0








            0






            HINT



            Let consider



            $$lim_{nto infty}left|frac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}right|=lim_{nto infty}frac{2^{n^2}}{n!}$$






            share|cite|improve this answer














            HINT



            Let consider



            $$lim_{nto infty}left|frac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}right|=lim_{nto infty}frac{2^{n^2}}{n!}$$







            share|cite|improve this answer














            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer








            edited Dec 6 at 22:17

























            answered Dec 6 at 22:11









            gimusi

            1




            1












            • if the limit of this is not zero then the series diverges, right? I'm not sure how to solve for that limit though, can you be more specific?
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:30










            • apply a log to the top and bottom And consider $ln n! = ln n + ln(n-1) + cdots < nln n$
              – Doug M
              Dec 6 at 22:34












            • @YoungDumbBroke Exacly, try by ratio test!
              – gimusi
              Dec 6 at 22:35










            • @gimusi i tried but i get 1/0
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:43






            • 1




              @YoungDumbBroke I've seen that but I don't get some step, we simply should have $$frac{2^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}frac{n!}{2^{n^2}}=frac{2^{(n+1)^2-n^2}}{n+1}=frac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}$$
              – gimusi
              Dec 6 at 23:01




















            • if the limit of this is not zero then the series diverges, right? I'm not sure how to solve for that limit though, can you be more specific?
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:30










            • apply a log to the top and bottom And consider $ln n! = ln n + ln(n-1) + cdots < nln n$
              – Doug M
              Dec 6 at 22:34












            • @YoungDumbBroke Exacly, try by ratio test!
              – gimusi
              Dec 6 at 22:35










            • @gimusi i tried but i get 1/0
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:43






            • 1




              @YoungDumbBroke I've seen that but I don't get some step, we simply should have $$frac{2^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}frac{n!}{2^{n^2}}=frac{2^{(n+1)^2-n^2}}{n+1}=frac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}$$
              – gimusi
              Dec 6 at 23:01


















            if the limit of this is not zero then the series diverges, right? I'm not sure how to solve for that limit though, can you be more specific?
            – YoungDumbBroke
            Dec 6 at 22:30




            if the limit of this is not zero then the series diverges, right? I'm not sure how to solve for that limit though, can you be more specific?
            – YoungDumbBroke
            Dec 6 at 22:30












            apply a log to the top and bottom And consider $ln n! = ln n + ln(n-1) + cdots < nln n$
            – Doug M
            Dec 6 at 22:34






            apply a log to the top and bottom And consider $ln n! = ln n + ln(n-1) + cdots < nln n$
            – Doug M
            Dec 6 at 22:34














            @YoungDumbBroke Exacly, try by ratio test!
            – gimusi
            Dec 6 at 22:35




            @YoungDumbBroke Exacly, try by ratio test!
            – gimusi
            Dec 6 at 22:35












            @gimusi i tried but i get 1/0
            – YoungDumbBroke
            Dec 6 at 22:43




            @gimusi i tried but i get 1/0
            – YoungDumbBroke
            Dec 6 at 22:43




            1




            1




            @YoungDumbBroke I've seen that but I don't get some step, we simply should have $$frac{2^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}frac{n!}{2^{n^2}}=frac{2^{(n+1)^2-n^2}}{n+1}=frac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}$$
            – gimusi
            Dec 6 at 23:01






            @YoungDumbBroke I've seen that but I don't get some step, we simply should have $$frac{2^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}frac{n!}{2^{n^2}}=frac{2^{(n+1)^2-n^2}}{n+1}=frac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}$$
            – gimusi
            Dec 6 at 23:01













            0














            $|(-2)^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{n^2 + 2n+ 1}| = (2^{n^2})(2^{2n})(2)$



            Now apply the ratio test.






            share|cite|improve this answer





















            • why apply n+1 before doing the ratio test? I do get the problem solved that way but i don't understand why?
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:40










            • The ratio test looks at $|frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|$ If the ratio is greater than 1 it does not converge (conditionally or absolutely). If the ratio is less than one it converges. If it equals 1 the test is inconclusive and may converge conditionally but not absolutely. I was just trying to show that $a_{n+1}$ can be manipulated to form something that is divisible by $a_n$
              – Doug M
              Dec 6 at 23:10


















            0














            $|(-2)^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{n^2 + 2n+ 1}| = (2^{n^2})(2^{2n})(2)$



            Now apply the ratio test.






            share|cite|improve this answer





















            • why apply n+1 before doing the ratio test? I do get the problem solved that way but i don't understand why?
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:40










            • The ratio test looks at $|frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|$ If the ratio is greater than 1 it does not converge (conditionally or absolutely). If the ratio is less than one it converges. If it equals 1 the test is inconclusive and may converge conditionally but not absolutely. I was just trying to show that $a_{n+1}$ can be manipulated to form something that is divisible by $a_n$
              – Doug M
              Dec 6 at 23:10
















            0












            0








            0






            $|(-2)^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{n^2 + 2n+ 1}| = (2^{n^2})(2^{2n})(2)$



            Now apply the ratio test.






            share|cite|improve this answer












            $|(-2)^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{(n+1)^2}| = |2^{n^2 + 2n+ 1}| = (2^{n^2})(2^{2n})(2)$



            Now apply the ratio test.







            share|cite|improve this answer












            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer










            answered Dec 6 at 22:31









            Doug M

            43.9k31854




            43.9k31854












            • why apply n+1 before doing the ratio test? I do get the problem solved that way but i don't understand why?
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:40










            • The ratio test looks at $|frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|$ If the ratio is greater than 1 it does not converge (conditionally or absolutely). If the ratio is less than one it converges. If it equals 1 the test is inconclusive and may converge conditionally but not absolutely. I was just trying to show that $a_{n+1}$ can be manipulated to form something that is divisible by $a_n$
              – Doug M
              Dec 6 at 23:10




















            • why apply n+1 before doing the ratio test? I do get the problem solved that way but i don't understand why?
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 22:40










            • The ratio test looks at $|frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|$ If the ratio is greater than 1 it does not converge (conditionally or absolutely). If the ratio is less than one it converges. If it equals 1 the test is inconclusive and may converge conditionally but not absolutely. I was just trying to show that $a_{n+1}$ can be manipulated to form something that is divisible by $a_n$
              – Doug M
              Dec 6 at 23:10


















            why apply n+1 before doing the ratio test? I do get the problem solved that way but i don't understand why?
            – YoungDumbBroke
            Dec 6 at 22:40




            why apply n+1 before doing the ratio test? I do get the problem solved that way but i don't understand why?
            – YoungDumbBroke
            Dec 6 at 22:40












            The ratio test looks at $|frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|$ If the ratio is greater than 1 it does not converge (conditionally or absolutely). If the ratio is less than one it converges. If it equals 1 the test is inconclusive and may converge conditionally but not absolutely. I was just trying to show that $a_{n+1}$ can be manipulated to form something that is divisible by $a_n$
            – Doug M
            Dec 6 at 23:10






            The ratio test looks at $|frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|$ If the ratio is greater than 1 it does not converge (conditionally or absolutely). If the ratio is less than one it converges. If it equals 1 the test is inconclusive and may converge conditionally but not absolutely. I was just trying to show that $a_{n+1}$ can be manipulated to form something that is divisible by $a_n$
            – Doug M
            Dec 6 at 23:10













            0














            You seem to have an algebra error, using the Ratio Test, you have



            $$
            lim_{n to infty} left| dfrac{dfrac{(-2)^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}}{dfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}} right|= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2+2n+1}}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{n!}{(n+1)!}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2} cdot 2^{2n} cdot 2}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{1}{n+1}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}stackrel{L.H.}{=} lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1} ln 2 cdot 2}{1}= infty
            $$






            share|cite|improve this answer





















            • we did not cover L.H. rule in class, so I can't use it
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 23:12
















            0














            You seem to have an algebra error, using the Ratio Test, you have



            $$
            lim_{n to infty} left| dfrac{dfrac{(-2)^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}}{dfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}} right|= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2+2n+1}}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{n!}{(n+1)!}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2} cdot 2^{2n} cdot 2}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{1}{n+1}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}stackrel{L.H.}{=} lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1} ln 2 cdot 2}{1}= infty
            $$






            share|cite|improve this answer





















            • we did not cover L.H. rule in class, so I can't use it
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 23:12














            0












            0








            0






            You seem to have an algebra error, using the Ratio Test, you have



            $$
            lim_{n to infty} left| dfrac{dfrac{(-2)^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}}{dfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}} right|= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2+2n+1}}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{n!}{(n+1)!}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2} cdot 2^{2n} cdot 2}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{1}{n+1}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}stackrel{L.H.}{=} lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1} ln 2 cdot 2}{1}= infty
            $$






            share|cite|improve this answer












            You seem to have an algebra error, using the Ratio Test, you have



            $$
            lim_{n to infty} left| dfrac{dfrac{(-2)^{(n+1)^2}}{(n+1)!}}{dfrac{(-2)^{n^2}}{n!}} right|= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2+2n+1}}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{n!}{(n+1)!}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{n^2} cdot 2^{2n} cdot 2}{2^{n^2}} cdot dfrac{1}{n+1}= lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1}}{n+1}stackrel{L.H.}{=} lim_{n to infty} dfrac{2^{2n+1} ln 2 cdot 2}{1}= infty
            $$







            share|cite|improve this answer












            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer










            answered Dec 6 at 23:08









            mathematics2x2life

            8,04221738




            8,04221738












            • we did not cover L.H. rule in class, so I can't use it
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 23:12


















            • we did not cover L.H. rule in class, so I can't use it
              – YoungDumbBroke
              Dec 6 at 23:12
















            we did not cover L.H. rule in class, so I can't use it
            – YoungDumbBroke
            Dec 6 at 23:12




            we did not cover L.H. rule in class, so I can't use it
            – YoungDumbBroke
            Dec 6 at 23:12



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            Bressuire

            Cabo Verde

            Gyllenstierna