Why is part of the output “Null”? [closed]
$begingroup$
Whenever I execute the code, portions of the output are null. How can I fix this? I am not sure the extent to which the result is invalid because I am not entirely familiar with the null output, though I have read the documentation. The point in which this problem arises is labeled in the following code:
omega[t_, t0_, T_] = Exp[(-(t - t0)^2)/T^2];
omegap[t_, t0p_, Tp_] = Exp[-((t - t0p)^2)/Tp^2];
eff[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = ((omega[t, t0, T])^2 - (omegap[t, t0p,
Tp])^2)/(2 [CapitalDelta]);
eff[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = (omegap[t, t0p, Tp]*omega[t, t0, T])/([CapitalDelta]);
ReducedHam = ({
{[CapitalDelta]eff[t, t0p, Tp], [CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p, Tp]*
Exp[Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]},
{[CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p, Tp]*
Exp[-Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]], -[CapitalDelta]eff[t, t0p, Tp]}
});
Print[MatrixForm[ReducedHam]]
[Theta][t_, t0p_, Tp_] = ArcTan[omegap[t, t0p, Tp]/omega[t, t0, T]];
[Lambda]1 = ({
{Cos[[Theta]]},
{-Sin[[Theta]]*Exp[-Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]}
});
[Lambda]2 = ({
{Sin[[Theta]]*Exp[Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]},
{Cos[[Theta]]}
});
Print[MatrixForm[[Lambda]1]]
Print[MatrixForm[[Lambda]2]]
Mat1 = (D[[Lambda]1, [Theta]]).(Transpose[[Lambda]1]);
Print[Mat1]
V1 = Transpose[[Lambda]1].D[[Lambda]1, [Theta]];
V2 = [Lambda]1.Transpose[[Lambda]1];
Print[MatrixForm[V2]]
Mat2 = V1[[1, 1]] V2;
Print[Mat2]
Dimensions[Mat2];
Mat12 = Mat1 - Mat2;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat12]]
Mat3 = Print[
MatrixForm[D[[Lambda]2, [Theta]].Transpose[[Lambda]2]]];
V3 = Transpose[[Lambda]2].D[[Lambda]2, [Theta]];
V4 = [Lambda]2.Transpose[[Lambda]2];
Print[MatrixForm[V4]]
Mat4 = V3[[1, 1]] V4;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat4]]
Mat34 = Mat3 - Mat4;
CDTerm = Mat12 + Mat34 ;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[CDTerm]]]
(*this is where null arises*)
TotalHam = ReducedHam + CDTerm;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[TotalHam]]]
Dimensions[ReducedHam]
Dimensions[CDTerm]
[CapitalOmega]a[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = (2 (((D[omega[t, t0, T], t])*(omegap[t, t0p, Tp])) - ((omega[
t, t0, T]) (D[omegap[t, t0, T], t]))))/((omegap[t, t0,
T])^2 + (omega[t, t0, T]^2))
[Gamma][t_, t0_, T_, [CurlyPhi]_] =
ArcTan[([CapitalOmega]a[t, t0p, Tp])/([CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p,
Tp])] + [CurlyPhi];
f1[t_, t0_,
T_, [CurlyPhi]_] = (Exp[(Sqrt[-1]*[Gamma][t, t0,
T, [CurlyPhi]])]/2)
f2[t_, t0_, T_, [CurlyPhi]_] =
Exp[(Sqrt[-1]*[Gamma][t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]])/2]
U = ({
{f1[t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]], 0},
{0, f2[t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]]}
})
Mat5 = ConjugateTranspose[U].TotalHam.U;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat5]]
Mat6 = ConjugateTranspose[U].(D[U, t]);
Print[MatrixForm[Mat6]]
HModified = Mat5 - Mat6;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[HModified]]]
matrix error output
$endgroup$
closed as off-topic by Lukas Lang, Henrik Schumacher, m_goldberg, bbgodfrey, Szabolcs Jan 2 at 13:37
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "This question arises due to a simple mistake such as a trivial syntax error, incorrect capitalization, spelling mistake, or other typographical error and is unlikely to help any future visitors, or else it is easily found in the documentation." – Lukas Lang, Henrik Schumacher, m_goldberg, bbgodfrey, Szabolcs
If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Whenever I execute the code, portions of the output are null. How can I fix this? I am not sure the extent to which the result is invalid because I am not entirely familiar with the null output, though I have read the documentation. The point in which this problem arises is labeled in the following code:
omega[t_, t0_, T_] = Exp[(-(t - t0)^2)/T^2];
omegap[t_, t0p_, Tp_] = Exp[-((t - t0p)^2)/Tp^2];
eff[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = ((omega[t, t0, T])^2 - (omegap[t, t0p,
Tp])^2)/(2 [CapitalDelta]);
eff[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = (omegap[t, t0p, Tp]*omega[t, t0, T])/([CapitalDelta]);
ReducedHam = ({
{[CapitalDelta]eff[t, t0p, Tp], [CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p, Tp]*
Exp[Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]},
{[CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p, Tp]*
Exp[-Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]], -[CapitalDelta]eff[t, t0p, Tp]}
});
Print[MatrixForm[ReducedHam]]
[Theta][t_, t0p_, Tp_] = ArcTan[omegap[t, t0p, Tp]/omega[t, t0, T]];
[Lambda]1 = ({
{Cos[[Theta]]},
{-Sin[[Theta]]*Exp[-Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]}
});
[Lambda]2 = ({
{Sin[[Theta]]*Exp[Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]},
{Cos[[Theta]]}
});
Print[MatrixForm[[Lambda]1]]
Print[MatrixForm[[Lambda]2]]
Mat1 = (D[[Lambda]1, [Theta]]).(Transpose[[Lambda]1]);
Print[Mat1]
V1 = Transpose[[Lambda]1].D[[Lambda]1, [Theta]];
V2 = [Lambda]1.Transpose[[Lambda]1];
Print[MatrixForm[V2]]
Mat2 = V1[[1, 1]] V2;
Print[Mat2]
Dimensions[Mat2];
Mat12 = Mat1 - Mat2;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat12]]
Mat3 = Print[
MatrixForm[D[[Lambda]2, [Theta]].Transpose[[Lambda]2]]];
V3 = Transpose[[Lambda]2].D[[Lambda]2, [Theta]];
V4 = [Lambda]2.Transpose[[Lambda]2];
Print[MatrixForm[V4]]
Mat4 = V3[[1, 1]] V4;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat4]]
Mat34 = Mat3 - Mat4;
CDTerm = Mat12 + Mat34 ;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[CDTerm]]]
(*this is where null arises*)
TotalHam = ReducedHam + CDTerm;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[TotalHam]]]
Dimensions[ReducedHam]
Dimensions[CDTerm]
[CapitalOmega]a[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = (2 (((D[omega[t, t0, T], t])*(omegap[t, t0p, Tp])) - ((omega[
t, t0, T]) (D[omegap[t, t0, T], t]))))/((omegap[t, t0,
T])^2 + (omega[t, t0, T]^2))
[Gamma][t_, t0_, T_, [CurlyPhi]_] =
ArcTan[([CapitalOmega]a[t, t0p, Tp])/([CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p,
Tp])] + [CurlyPhi];
f1[t_, t0_,
T_, [CurlyPhi]_] = (Exp[(Sqrt[-1]*[Gamma][t, t0,
T, [CurlyPhi]])]/2)
f2[t_, t0_, T_, [CurlyPhi]_] =
Exp[(Sqrt[-1]*[Gamma][t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]])/2]
U = ({
{f1[t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]], 0},
{0, f2[t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]]}
})
Mat5 = ConjugateTranspose[U].TotalHam.U;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat5]]
Mat6 = ConjugateTranspose[U].(D[U, t]);
Print[MatrixForm[Mat6]]
HModified = Mat5 - Mat6;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[HModified]]]
matrix error output
$endgroup$
closed as off-topic by Lukas Lang, Henrik Schumacher, m_goldberg, bbgodfrey, Szabolcs Jan 2 at 13:37
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "This question arises due to a simple mistake such as a trivial syntax error, incorrect capitalization, spelling mistake, or other typographical error and is unlikely to help any future visitors, or else it is easily found in the documentation." – Lukas Lang, Henrik Schumacher, m_goldberg, bbgodfrey, Szabolcs
If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
$begingroup$
Mat3
isNull
, sincePrint[…]
always returnsNull
. You might be interested inEcho
, which always returns its argument. For the next time, try to look at the different values of the expression that containsNull
- this way, you can easily trace the error back to its origin (theMat3=Print[…]
line in this case). For this,Echo
is your friend, as you can just put it in front of anything you want to look at
$endgroup$
– Lukas Lang
Dec 28 '18 at 15:33
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Whenever I execute the code, portions of the output are null. How can I fix this? I am not sure the extent to which the result is invalid because I am not entirely familiar with the null output, though I have read the documentation. The point in which this problem arises is labeled in the following code:
omega[t_, t0_, T_] = Exp[(-(t - t0)^2)/T^2];
omegap[t_, t0p_, Tp_] = Exp[-((t - t0p)^2)/Tp^2];
eff[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = ((omega[t, t0, T])^2 - (omegap[t, t0p,
Tp])^2)/(2 [CapitalDelta]);
eff[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = (omegap[t, t0p, Tp]*omega[t, t0, T])/([CapitalDelta]);
ReducedHam = ({
{[CapitalDelta]eff[t, t0p, Tp], [CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p, Tp]*
Exp[Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]},
{[CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p, Tp]*
Exp[-Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]], -[CapitalDelta]eff[t, t0p, Tp]}
});
Print[MatrixForm[ReducedHam]]
[Theta][t_, t0p_, Tp_] = ArcTan[omegap[t, t0p, Tp]/omega[t, t0, T]];
[Lambda]1 = ({
{Cos[[Theta]]},
{-Sin[[Theta]]*Exp[-Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]}
});
[Lambda]2 = ({
{Sin[[Theta]]*Exp[Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]},
{Cos[[Theta]]}
});
Print[MatrixForm[[Lambda]1]]
Print[MatrixForm[[Lambda]2]]
Mat1 = (D[[Lambda]1, [Theta]]).(Transpose[[Lambda]1]);
Print[Mat1]
V1 = Transpose[[Lambda]1].D[[Lambda]1, [Theta]];
V2 = [Lambda]1.Transpose[[Lambda]1];
Print[MatrixForm[V2]]
Mat2 = V1[[1, 1]] V2;
Print[Mat2]
Dimensions[Mat2];
Mat12 = Mat1 - Mat2;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat12]]
Mat3 = Print[
MatrixForm[D[[Lambda]2, [Theta]].Transpose[[Lambda]2]]];
V3 = Transpose[[Lambda]2].D[[Lambda]2, [Theta]];
V4 = [Lambda]2.Transpose[[Lambda]2];
Print[MatrixForm[V4]]
Mat4 = V3[[1, 1]] V4;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat4]]
Mat34 = Mat3 - Mat4;
CDTerm = Mat12 + Mat34 ;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[CDTerm]]]
(*this is where null arises*)
TotalHam = ReducedHam + CDTerm;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[TotalHam]]]
Dimensions[ReducedHam]
Dimensions[CDTerm]
[CapitalOmega]a[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = (2 (((D[omega[t, t0, T], t])*(omegap[t, t0p, Tp])) - ((omega[
t, t0, T]) (D[omegap[t, t0, T], t]))))/((omegap[t, t0,
T])^2 + (omega[t, t0, T]^2))
[Gamma][t_, t0_, T_, [CurlyPhi]_] =
ArcTan[([CapitalOmega]a[t, t0p, Tp])/([CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p,
Tp])] + [CurlyPhi];
f1[t_, t0_,
T_, [CurlyPhi]_] = (Exp[(Sqrt[-1]*[Gamma][t, t0,
T, [CurlyPhi]])]/2)
f2[t_, t0_, T_, [CurlyPhi]_] =
Exp[(Sqrt[-1]*[Gamma][t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]])/2]
U = ({
{f1[t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]], 0},
{0, f2[t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]]}
})
Mat5 = ConjugateTranspose[U].TotalHam.U;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat5]]
Mat6 = ConjugateTranspose[U].(D[U, t]);
Print[MatrixForm[Mat6]]
HModified = Mat5 - Mat6;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[HModified]]]
matrix error output
$endgroup$
Whenever I execute the code, portions of the output are null. How can I fix this? I am not sure the extent to which the result is invalid because I am not entirely familiar with the null output, though I have read the documentation. The point in which this problem arises is labeled in the following code:
omega[t_, t0_, T_] = Exp[(-(t - t0)^2)/T^2];
omegap[t_, t0p_, Tp_] = Exp[-((t - t0p)^2)/Tp^2];
eff[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = ((omega[t, t0, T])^2 - (omegap[t, t0p,
Tp])^2)/(2 [CapitalDelta]);
eff[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = (omegap[t, t0p, Tp]*omega[t, t0, T])/([CapitalDelta]);
ReducedHam = ({
{[CapitalDelta]eff[t, t0p, Tp], [CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p, Tp]*
Exp[Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]},
{[CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p, Tp]*
Exp[-Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]], -[CapitalDelta]eff[t, t0p, Tp]}
});
Print[MatrixForm[ReducedHam]]
[Theta][t_, t0p_, Tp_] = ArcTan[omegap[t, t0p, Tp]/omega[t, t0, T]];
[Lambda]1 = ({
{Cos[[Theta]]},
{-Sin[[Theta]]*Exp[-Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]}
});
[Lambda]2 = ({
{Sin[[Theta]]*Exp[Sqrt[-1]*[CurlyPhi]]},
{Cos[[Theta]]}
});
Print[MatrixForm[[Lambda]1]]
Print[MatrixForm[[Lambda]2]]
Mat1 = (D[[Lambda]1, [Theta]]).(Transpose[[Lambda]1]);
Print[Mat1]
V1 = Transpose[[Lambda]1].D[[Lambda]1, [Theta]];
V2 = [Lambda]1.Transpose[[Lambda]1];
Print[MatrixForm[V2]]
Mat2 = V1[[1, 1]] V2;
Print[Mat2]
Dimensions[Mat2];
Mat12 = Mat1 - Mat2;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat12]]
Mat3 = Print[
MatrixForm[D[[Lambda]2, [Theta]].Transpose[[Lambda]2]]];
V3 = Transpose[[Lambda]2].D[[Lambda]2, [Theta]];
V4 = [Lambda]2.Transpose[[Lambda]2];
Print[MatrixForm[V4]]
Mat4 = V3[[1, 1]] V4;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat4]]
Mat34 = Mat3 - Mat4;
CDTerm = Mat12 + Mat34 ;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[CDTerm]]]
(*this is where null arises*)
TotalHam = ReducedHam + CDTerm;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[TotalHam]]]
Dimensions[ReducedHam]
Dimensions[CDTerm]
[CapitalOmega]a[t_, t0p_,
Tp_] = (2 (((D[omega[t, t0, T], t])*(omegap[t, t0p, Tp])) - ((omega[
t, t0, T]) (D[omegap[t, t0, T], t]))))/((omegap[t, t0,
T])^2 + (omega[t, t0, T]^2))
[Gamma][t_, t0_, T_, [CurlyPhi]_] =
ArcTan[([CapitalOmega]a[t, t0p, Tp])/([CapitalOmega]eff[t, t0p,
Tp])] + [CurlyPhi];
f1[t_, t0_,
T_, [CurlyPhi]_] = (Exp[(Sqrt[-1]*[Gamma][t, t0,
T, [CurlyPhi]])]/2)
f2[t_, t0_, T_, [CurlyPhi]_] =
Exp[(Sqrt[-1]*[Gamma][t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]])/2]
U = ({
{f1[t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]], 0},
{0, f2[t, t0, T, [CurlyPhi]]}
})
Mat5 = ConjugateTranspose[U].TotalHam.U;
Print[MatrixForm[Mat5]]
Mat6 = ConjugateTranspose[U].(D[U, t]);
Print[MatrixForm[Mat6]]
HModified = Mat5 - Mat6;
Print[MatrixForm[Simplify[HModified]]]
matrix error output
matrix error output
asked Dec 28 '18 at 15:15
khaylablackkhaylablack
111
111
closed as off-topic by Lukas Lang, Henrik Schumacher, m_goldberg, bbgodfrey, Szabolcs Jan 2 at 13:37
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "This question arises due to a simple mistake such as a trivial syntax error, incorrect capitalization, spelling mistake, or other typographical error and is unlikely to help any future visitors, or else it is easily found in the documentation." – Lukas Lang, Henrik Schumacher, m_goldberg, bbgodfrey, Szabolcs
If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
closed as off-topic by Lukas Lang, Henrik Schumacher, m_goldberg, bbgodfrey, Szabolcs Jan 2 at 13:37
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "This question arises due to a simple mistake such as a trivial syntax error, incorrect capitalization, spelling mistake, or other typographical error and is unlikely to help any future visitors, or else it is easily found in the documentation." – Lukas Lang, Henrik Schumacher, m_goldberg, bbgodfrey, Szabolcs
If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
$begingroup$
Mat3
isNull
, sincePrint[…]
always returnsNull
. You might be interested inEcho
, which always returns its argument. For the next time, try to look at the different values of the expression that containsNull
- this way, you can easily trace the error back to its origin (theMat3=Print[…]
line in this case). For this,Echo
is your friend, as you can just put it in front of anything you want to look at
$endgroup$
– Lukas Lang
Dec 28 '18 at 15:33
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Mat3
isNull
, sincePrint[…]
always returnsNull
. You might be interested inEcho
, which always returns its argument. For the next time, try to look at the different values of the expression that containsNull
- this way, you can easily trace the error back to its origin (theMat3=Print[…]
line in this case). For this,Echo
is your friend, as you can just put it in front of anything you want to look at
$endgroup$
– Lukas Lang
Dec 28 '18 at 15:33
$begingroup$
Mat3
is Null
, since Print[…]
always returns Null
. You might be interested in Echo
, which always returns its argument. For the next time, try to look at the different values of the expression that contains Null
- this way, you can easily trace the error back to its origin (the Mat3=Print[…]
line in this case). For this, Echo
is your friend, as you can just put it in front of anything you want to look at$endgroup$
– Lukas Lang
Dec 28 '18 at 15:33
$begingroup$
Mat3
is Null
, since Print[…]
always returns Null
. You might be interested in Echo
, which always returns its argument. For the next time, try to look at the different values of the expression that contains Null
- this way, you can easily trace the error back to its origin (the Mat3=Print[…]
line in this case). For this, Echo
is your friend, as you can just put it in front of anything you want to look at$endgroup$
– Lukas Lang
Dec 28 '18 at 15:33
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Just leave out the Print
functions, and remember not to throw away the results with ;
. Example:
m1 = IdentityMatrix[3];
MatrixForm[m1]
m2 = 3 m1;
MatrixForm[m2]
Most experienced Mathematica users rarely use Print
. To show results, just evaluate them.
A more compact, functional form is:
MatrixForm[m1 = IdentityMatrix[3]]
MatrixForm[m2 = 3 m1]
Same output as above.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Just leave out the Print
functions, and remember not to throw away the results with ;
. Example:
m1 = IdentityMatrix[3];
MatrixForm[m1]
m2 = 3 m1;
MatrixForm[m2]
Most experienced Mathematica users rarely use Print
. To show results, just evaluate them.
A more compact, functional form is:
MatrixForm[m1 = IdentityMatrix[3]]
MatrixForm[m2 = 3 m1]
Same output as above.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Just leave out the Print
functions, and remember not to throw away the results with ;
. Example:
m1 = IdentityMatrix[3];
MatrixForm[m1]
m2 = 3 m1;
MatrixForm[m2]
Most experienced Mathematica users rarely use Print
. To show results, just evaluate them.
A more compact, functional form is:
MatrixForm[m1 = IdentityMatrix[3]]
MatrixForm[m2 = 3 m1]
Same output as above.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Just leave out the Print
functions, and remember not to throw away the results with ;
. Example:
m1 = IdentityMatrix[3];
MatrixForm[m1]
m2 = 3 m1;
MatrixForm[m2]
Most experienced Mathematica users rarely use Print
. To show results, just evaluate them.
A more compact, functional form is:
MatrixForm[m1 = IdentityMatrix[3]]
MatrixForm[m2 = 3 m1]
Same output as above.
$endgroup$
Just leave out the Print
functions, and remember not to throw away the results with ;
. Example:
m1 = IdentityMatrix[3];
MatrixForm[m1]
m2 = 3 m1;
MatrixForm[m2]
Most experienced Mathematica users rarely use Print
. To show results, just evaluate them.
A more compact, functional form is:
MatrixForm[m1 = IdentityMatrix[3]]
MatrixForm[m2 = 3 m1]
Same output as above.
edited Dec 28 '18 at 16:45
answered Dec 28 '18 at 16:20
John DotyJohn Doty
7,11811024
7,11811024
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Mat3
isNull
, sincePrint[…]
always returnsNull
. You might be interested inEcho
, which always returns its argument. For the next time, try to look at the different values of the expression that containsNull
- this way, you can easily trace the error back to its origin (theMat3=Print[…]
line in this case). For this,Echo
is your friend, as you can just put it in front of anything you want to look at$endgroup$
– Lukas Lang
Dec 28 '18 at 15:33