Solving Trignometric integral with the aid of residues.
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If $alpha, beta, gamma$ are real numbers such that $alpha^2> beta^2+gamma^2$ show that $$int_0^{2pi}frac{dtheta}{alpha+beta cos theta +gamma sin theta} = frac{2 pi}{sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}$$
My attempt: change the variable $z = e^{itheta}$, i.e. $cos theta = frac{z+z^{-1}}{2}, sin theta = -ifrac{z-z^{-1}}{2}$ in the given integral to obtain $$int_0^{2pi}frac{dtheta}{alpha+beta cos theta +gamma sin theta} = 2int_{C} frac{-iz^{-1} times z, dz}{2alpha z+beta(z^2+1)-igamma(z^2-1)} = 2int_{C} frac{-i, dz}{z^2(beta-igamma)+2alpha z+beta+i gamma} $$where $C$ is unit circle. Further, from above integral we get $$= frac{-2i}{beta-igamma}int_{C} frac{dz}{bigg(z+frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg) bigg(z+frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg)} $$ $$= -iota frac{1}{sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}bigg[ int_{C} frac{dz}{bigg(z+frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg) }- int_{C} frac{dz}{ bigg(z+frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg)} bigg]$$
How to proceed forward? Is my attempt correct?
complex-analysis residue-calculus singularity
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If $alpha, beta, gamma$ are real numbers such that $alpha^2> beta^2+gamma^2$ show that $$int_0^{2pi}frac{dtheta}{alpha+beta cos theta +gamma sin theta} = frac{2 pi}{sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}$$
My attempt: change the variable $z = e^{itheta}$, i.e. $cos theta = frac{z+z^{-1}}{2}, sin theta = -ifrac{z-z^{-1}}{2}$ in the given integral to obtain $$int_0^{2pi}frac{dtheta}{alpha+beta cos theta +gamma sin theta} = 2int_{C} frac{-iz^{-1} times z, dz}{2alpha z+beta(z^2+1)-igamma(z^2-1)} = 2int_{C} frac{-i, dz}{z^2(beta-igamma)+2alpha z+beta+i gamma} $$where $C$ is unit circle. Further, from above integral we get $$= frac{-2i}{beta-igamma}int_{C} frac{dz}{bigg(z+frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg) bigg(z+frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg)} $$ $$= -iota frac{1}{sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}bigg[ int_{C} frac{dz}{bigg(z+frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg) }- int_{C} frac{dz}{ bigg(z+frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg)} bigg]$$
How to proceed forward? Is my attempt correct?
complex-analysis residue-calculus singularity
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up vote
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down vote
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If $alpha, beta, gamma$ are real numbers such that $alpha^2> beta^2+gamma^2$ show that $$int_0^{2pi}frac{dtheta}{alpha+beta cos theta +gamma sin theta} = frac{2 pi}{sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}$$
My attempt: change the variable $z = e^{itheta}$, i.e. $cos theta = frac{z+z^{-1}}{2}, sin theta = -ifrac{z-z^{-1}}{2}$ in the given integral to obtain $$int_0^{2pi}frac{dtheta}{alpha+beta cos theta +gamma sin theta} = 2int_{C} frac{-iz^{-1} times z, dz}{2alpha z+beta(z^2+1)-igamma(z^2-1)} = 2int_{C} frac{-i, dz}{z^2(beta-igamma)+2alpha z+beta+i gamma} $$where $C$ is unit circle. Further, from above integral we get $$= frac{-2i}{beta-igamma}int_{C} frac{dz}{bigg(z+frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg) bigg(z+frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg)} $$ $$= -iota frac{1}{sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}bigg[ int_{C} frac{dz}{bigg(z+frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg) }- int_{C} frac{dz}{ bigg(z+frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg)} bigg]$$
How to proceed forward? Is my attempt correct?
complex-analysis residue-calculus singularity
If $alpha, beta, gamma$ are real numbers such that $alpha^2> beta^2+gamma^2$ show that $$int_0^{2pi}frac{dtheta}{alpha+beta cos theta +gamma sin theta} = frac{2 pi}{sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}$$
My attempt: change the variable $z = e^{itheta}$, i.e. $cos theta = frac{z+z^{-1}}{2}, sin theta = -ifrac{z-z^{-1}}{2}$ in the given integral to obtain $$int_0^{2pi}frac{dtheta}{alpha+beta cos theta +gamma sin theta} = 2int_{C} frac{-iz^{-1} times z, dz}{2alpha z+beta(z^2+1)-igamma(z^2-1)} = 2int_{C} frac{-i, dz}{z^2(beta-igamma)+2alpha z+beta+i gamma} $$where $C$ is unit circle. Further, from above integral we get $$= frac{-2i}{beta-igamma}int_{C} frac{dz}{bigg(z+frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg) bigg(z+frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg)} $$ $$= -iota frac{1}{sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}bigg[ int_{C} frac{dz}{bigg(z+frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg) }- int_{C} frac{dz}{ bigg(z+frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}bigg)} bigg]$$
How to proceed forward? Is my attempt correct?
complex-analysis residue-calculus singularity
complex-analysis residue-calculus singularity
edited yesterday
Masacroso
12.3k41746
12.3k41746
asked yesterday
Mittal G
1,182515
1,182515
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add a comment |
1 Answer
1
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oldest
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up vote
1
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accepted
HINT: let the following contour integrals defined in the boundary of the unit disk in the complex plane (traveled in counter clock-wise direction):
$$oint frac{dz}{(z-a)(z-b)}=ointfrac{A}{z-a}, dz+ointfrac{B}{z-b}, dz$$
for some constants $A,BinBbb C$. Now use the Cauchy integral formula.
How to look for the modulus of zeros of denominator and decide whether they are in unit circle or not?
– Mittal G
yesterday
1
@MittalG you need to show if $$left|frac{alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}{beta-igamma}right|^2=frac{(alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2})^2}{beta^2+gamma^2}<1^2$$ holds for some of the roots, then apply Cauchy integral formula
– Masacroso
yesterday
2
$(frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma})(frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}) = 1$ One of them is inside $|z|= 1$ and one is outside.
– Doug M
yesterday
1
@Doug M: Product is not one.
– Mittal G
yesterday
@MittalG you are right, the product is not 1, however the absolute value of the product is 1, hence if the absolute value of one of the roots is less than 1 then necessarily the absolute value of the other root is bigger than 1
– Masacroso
yesterday
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
HINT: let the following contour integrals defined in the boundary of the unit disk in the complex plane (traveled in counter clock-wise direction):
$$oint frac{dz}{(z-a)(z-b)}=ointfrac{A}{z-a}, dz+ointfrac{B}{z-b}, dz$$
for some constants $A,BinBbb C$. Now use the Cauchy integral formula.
How to look for the modulus of zeros of denominator and decide whether they are in unit circle or not?
– Mittal G
yesterday
1
@MittalG you need to show if $$left|frac{alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}{beta-igamma}right|^2=frac{(alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2})^2}{beta^2+gamma^2}<1^2$$ holds for some of the roots, then apply Cauchy integral formula
– Masacroso
yesterday
2
$(frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma})(frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}) = 1$ One of them is inside $|z|= 1$ and one is outside.
– Doug M
yesterday
1
@Doug M: Product is not one.
– Mittal G
yesterday
@MittalG you are right, the product is not 1, however the absolute value of the product is 1, hence if the absolute value of one of the roots is less than 1 then necessarily the absolute value of the other root is bigger than 1
– Masacroso
yesterday
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
HINT: let the following contour integrals defined in the boundary of the unit disk in the complex plane (traveled in counter clock-wise direction):
$$oint frac{dz}{(z-a)(z-b)}=ointfrac{A}{z-a}, dz+ointfrac{B}{z-b}, dz$$
for some constants $A,BinBbb C$. Now use the Cauchy integral formula.
How to look for the modulus of zeros of denominator and decide whether they are in unit circle or not?
– Mittal G
yesterday
1
@MittalG you need to show if $$left|frac{alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}{beta-igamma}right|^2=frac{(alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2})^2}{beta^2+gamma^2}<1^2$$ holds for some of the roots, then apply Cauchy integral formula
– Masacroso
yesterday
2
$(frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma})(frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}) = 1$ One of them is inside $|z|= 1$ and one is outside.
– Doug M
yesterday
1
@Doug M: Product is not one.
– Mittal G
yesterday
@MittalG you are right, the product is not 1, however the absolute value of the product is 1, hence if the absolute value of one of the roots is less than 1 then necessarily the absolute value of the other root is bigger than 1
– Masacroso
yesterday
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
HINT: let the following contour integrals defined in the boundary of the unit disk in the complex plane (traveled in counter clock-wise direction):
$$oint frac{dz}{(z-a)(z-b)}=ointfrac{A}{z-a}, dz+ointfrac{B}{z-b}, dz$$
for some constants $A,BinBbb C$. Now use the Cauchy integral formula.
HINT: let the following contour integrals defined in the boundary of the unit disk in the complex plane (traveled in counter clock-wise direction):
$$oint frac{dz}{(z-a)(z-b)}=ointfrac{A}{z-a}, dz+ointfrac{B}{z-b}, dz$$
for some constants $A,BinBbb C$. Now use the Cauchy integral formula.
edited yesterday
answered yesterday
Masacroso
12.3k41746
12.3k41746
How to look for the modulus of zeros of denominator and decide whether they are in unit circle or not?
– Mittal G
yesterday
1
@MittalG you need to show if $$left|frac{alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}{beta-igamma}right|^2=frac{(alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2})^2}{beta^2+gamma^2}<1^2$$ holds for some of the roots, then apply Cauchy integral formula
– Masacroso
yesterday
2
$(frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma})(frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}) = 1$ One of them is inside $|z|= 1$ and one is outside.
– Doug M
yesterday
1
@Doug M: Product is not one.
– Mittal G
yesterday
@MittalG you are right, the product is not 1, however the absolute value of the product is 1, hence if the absolute value of one of the roots is less than 1 then necessarily the absolute value of the other root is bigger than 1
– Masacroso
yesterday
add a comment |
How to look for the modulus of zeros of denominator and decide whether they are in unit circle or not?
– Mittal G
yesterday
1
@MittalG you need to show if $$left|frac{alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}{beta-igamma}right|^2=frac{(alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2})^2}{beta^2+gamma^2}<1^2$$ holds for some of the roots, then apply Cauchy integral formula
– Masacroso
yesterday
2
$(frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma})(frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}) = 1$ One of them is inside $|z|= 1$ and one is outside.
– Doug M
yesterday
1
@Doug M: Product is not one.
– Mittal G
yesterday
@MittalG you are right, the product is not 1, however the absolute value of the product is 1, hence if the absolute value of one of the roots is less than 1 then necessarily the absolute value of the other root is bigger than 1
– Masacroso
yesterday
How to look for the modulus of zeros of denominator and decide whether they are in unit circle or not?
– Mittal G
yesterday
How to look for the modulus of zeros of denominator and decide whether they are in unit circle or not?
– Mittal G
yesterday
1
1
@MittalG you need to show if $$left|frac{alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}{beta-igamma}right|^2=frac{(alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2})^2}{beta^2+gamma^2}<1^2$$ holds for some of the roots, then apply Cauchy integral formula
– Masacroso
yesterday
@MittalG you need to show if $$left|frac{alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2}}{beta-igamma}right|^2=frac{(alphapmsqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2})^2}{beta^2+gamma^2}<1^2$$ holds for some of the roots, then apply Cauchy integral formula
– Masacroso
yesterday
2
2
$(frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma})(frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}) = 1$ One of them is inside $|z|= 1$ and one is outside.
– Doug M
yesterday
$(frac{alpha-sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma})(frac{alpha+sqrt{alpha^2-beta^2-gamma^2)}}{beta-igamma}) = 1$ One of them is inside $|z|= 1$ and one is outside.
– Doug M
yesterday
1
1
@Doug M: Product is not one.
– Mittal G
yesterday
@Doug M: Product is not one.
– Mittal G
yesterday
@MittalG you are right, the product is not 1, however the absolute value of the product is 1, hence if the absolute value of one of the roots is less than 1 then necessarily the absolute value of the other root is bigger than 1
– Masacroso
yesterday
@MittalG you are right, the product is not 1, however the absolute value of the product is 1, hence if the absolute value of one of the roots is less than 1 then necessarily the absolute value of the other root is bigger than 1
– Masacroso
yesterday
add a comment |
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