Very basic Lie Algebras question on the complex conjugate of the adjoint map











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$V$ vector space over $mathbb{C}$, $L$ Lie subalgebra (subspace and closed under Lie bracket) of $gl(V)$, linear maps $V to V$. Suppose $d in L$ diagonalisable, show that $overline{ad(d)} = ad(bar{d})$ (bar represents complex conjugate).



I have that $d$ is diagonalisable so there exists a basis $B$ of $V$ such that $[d]_B$ is diagonal, where $[d]_B$ is the matrix of $d$ with respect to $B$.



I think I am missing something obvious, we need to show that $forall x in L, overline{ad(d)}(x) = overline{[d, x]} = overline{dx - xd}$ is equal to $bar{d}x - xbar{d} = [bar{d}, x] = ad(bar{d})$ but I just can't think of how to show $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



I thought we could work with matrices but I run into the same problem, I'm sure I'm missing something obvious.



Any hints or help appreciated, thanks.










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    up vote
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    down vote

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    $V$ vector space over $mathbb{C}$, $L$ Lie subalgebra (subspace and closed under Lie bracket) of $gl(V)$, linear maps $V to V$. Suppose $d in L$ diagonalisable, show that $overline{ad(d)} = ad(bar{d})$ (bar represents complex conjugate).



    I have that $d$ is diagonalisable so there exists a basis $B$ of $V$ such that $[d]_B$ is diagonal, where $[d]_B$ is the matrix of $d$ with respect to $B$.



    I think I am missing something obvious, we need to show that $forall x in L, overline{ad(d)}(x) = overline{[d, x]} = overline{dx - xd}$ is equal to $bar{d}x - xbar{d} = [bar{d}, x] = ad(bar{d})$ but I just can't think of how to show $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



    I thought we could work with matrices but I run into the same problem, I'm sure I'm missing something obvious.



    Any hints or help appreciated, thanks.










    share|cite|improve this question


























      up vote
      1
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      1
      down vote

      favorite











      $V$ vector space over $mathbb{C}$, $L$ Lie subalgebra (subspace and closed under Lie bracket) of $gl(V)$, linear maps $V to V$. Suppose $d in L$ diagonalisable, show that $overline{ad(d)} = ad(bar{d})$ (bar represents complex conjugate).



      I have that $d$ is diagonalisable so there exists a basis $B$ of $V$ such that $[d]_B$ is diagonal, where $[d]_B$ is the matrix of $d$ with respect to $B$.



      I think I am missing something obvious, we need to show that $forall x in L, overline{ad(d)}(x) = overline{[d, x]} = overline{dx - xd}$ is equal to $bar{d}x - xbar{d} = [bar{d}, x] = ad(bar{d})$ but I just can't think of how to show $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



      I thought we could work with matrices but I run into the same problem, I'm sure I'm missing something obvious.



      Any hints or help appreciated, thanks.










      share|cite|improve this question















      $V$ vector space over $mathbb{C}$, $L$ Lie subalgebra (subspace and closed under Lie bracket) of $gl(V)$, linear maps $V to V$. Suppose $d in L$ diagonalisable, show that $overline{ad(d)} = ad(bar{d})$ (bar represents complex conjugate).



      I have that $d$ is diagonalisable so there exists a basis $B$ of $V$ such that $[d]_B$ is diagonal, where $[d]_B$ is the matrix of $d$ with respect to $B$.



      I think I am missing something obvious, we need to show that $forall x in L, overline{ad(d)}(x) = overline{[d, x]} = overline{dx - xd}$ is equal to $bar{d}x - xbar{d} = [bar{d}, x] = ad(bar{d})$ but I just can't think of how to show $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



      I thought we could work with matrices but I run into the same problem, I'm sure I'm missing something obvious.



      Any hints or help appreciated, thanks.







      linear-algebra lie-algebras






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      edited May 15 '16 at 20:10

























      asked May 15 '16 at 15:50









      D. P

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      1236






















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          Here is a counterexample. Let $L=mathfrak{gl}_2(mathbb{C})$ and $d=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 cr 0 & i end{pmatrix}$, $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$. Then we have
          $$
          overline{[d,x]}=overline{dx-xd}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1-i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix},
          $$
          but
          $$
          [overline{d},x]=overline{d}x-xoverline{d}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i-1 cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}.
          $$
          Do you have a link for the question ?






          share|cite|improve this answer























          • Thanks for the reply, the sheet has another question missing a criteria so this might be a similar issue. The sheet is located at www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/undergrad/ughandbook/lecturers/… but I don't think you can access it unless you are a student or staff at Warwick. A screenshot of the sheet (question 1) is here: imgur.com/fDSr0Sx , question 2b is missing the non-degenerate criteria so perhaps question 1 is missing a criteria (could you think of any that apply?). I might have miscalculated $overline{ad(d)}$ but that is all I can think of.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 12:18












          • I will accept your answer once I determine if the question is incorrect or not by the way, just want it to remain unanswered for now in case someone else has an insight too. Thanks.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 12:21






          • 1




            You can come up with more examples like this, which differ not only by a sign, but are completely different, e.g. with $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1+i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$, and some diagonal $d$.
            – Dietrich Burde
            May 16 '16 at 13:52










          • Oh I believe you don't get me wrong, I was just unsure if I had interpreted the question's idea of the commutator wrong. I'll email my lecturer, thanks for the help.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 15:45






          • 1




            You are welcome!
            – Dietrich Burde
            May 16 '16 at 15:50


















          up vote
          1
          down vote













          The equality you want to prove is $overline{ad(d)} = adoverline{(d)}$ which is not equivalent to $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



          If $d = text{diag}(lambda_1, dots, lambda_n)$, then $ad(d) = text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)$, where $1 leq i,j leq n$. More precisely, $ad(d)$ has eigenvalues $lambda_i - lambda_j$ corresponding to eigenvectors $E_{ij}$. Therefore $$overline{ad(d)} = overline{text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)} = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i - lambda_j}) = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i} - overline{lambda_j}) = ad(overline{d}).$$






          share|cite|improve this answer








          New contributor




          Ra1le is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.


















            Your Answer





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            2 Answers
            2






            active

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            2 Answers
            2






            active

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            active

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            up vote
            1
            down vote



            accepted










            Here is a counterexample. Let $L=mathfrak{gl}_2(mathbb{C})$ and $d=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 cr 0 & i end{pmatrix}$, $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$. Then we have
            $$
            overline{[d,x]}=overline{dx-xd}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1-i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix},
            $$
            but
            $$
            [overline{d},x]=overline{d}x-xoverline{d}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i-1 cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}.
            $$
            Do you have a link for the question ?






            share|cite|improve this answer























            • Thanks for the reply, the sheet has another question missing a criteria so this might be a similar issue. The sheet is located at www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/undergrad/ughandbook/lecturers/… but I don't think you can access it unless you are a student or staff at Warwick. A screenshot of the sheet (question 1) is here: imgur.com/fDSr0Sx , question 2b is missing the non-degenerate criteria so perhaps question 1 is missing a criteria (could you think of any that apply?). I might have miscalculated $overline{ad(d)}$ but that is all I can think of.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 12:18












            • I will accept your answer once I determine if the question is incorrect or not by the way, just want it to remain unanswered for now in case someone else has an insight too. Thanks.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 12:21






            • 1




              You can come up with more examples like this, which differ not only by a sign, but are completely different, e.g. with $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1+i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$, and some diagonal $d$.
              – Dietrich Burde
              May 16 '16 at 13:52










            • Oh I believe you don't get me wrong, I was just unsure if I had interpreted the question's idea of the commutator wrong. I'll email my lecturer, thanks for the help.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 15:45






            • 1




              You are welcome!
              – Dietrich Burde
              May 16 '16 at 15:50















            up vote
            1
            down vote



            accepted










            Here is a counterexample. Let $L=mathfrak{gl}_2(mathbb{C})$ and $d=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 cr 0 & i end{pmatrix}$, $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$. Then we have
            $$
            overline{[d,x]}=overline{dx-xd}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1-i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix},
            $$
            but
            $$
            [overline{d},x]=overline{d}x-xoverline{d}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i-1 cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}.
            $$
            Do you have a link for the question ?






            share|cite|improve this answer























            • Thanks for the reply, the sheet has another question missing a criteria so this might be a similar issue. The sheet is located at www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/undergrad/ughandbook/lecturers/… but I don't think you can access it unless you are a student or staff at Warwick. A screenshot of the sheet (question 1) is here: imgur.com/fDSr0Sx , question 2b is missing the non-degenerate criteria so perhaps question 1 is missing a criteria (could you think of any that apply?). I might have miscalculated $overline{ad(d)}$ but that is all I can think of.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 12:18












            • I will accept your answer once I determine if the question is incorrect or not by the way, just want it to remain unanswered for now in case someone else has an insight too. Thanks.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 12:21






            • 1




              You can come up with more examples like this, which differ not only by a sign, but are completely different, e.g. with $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1+i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$, and some diagonal $d$.
              – Dietrich Burde
              May 16 '16 at 13:52










            • Oh I believe you don't get me wrong, I was just unsure if I had interpreted the question's idea of the commutator wrong. I'll email my lecturer, thanks for the help.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 15:45






            • 1




              You are welcome!
              – Dietrich Burde
              May 16 '16 at 15:50













            up vote
            1
            down vote



            accepted







            up vote
            1
            down vote



            accepted






            Here is a counterexample. Let $L=mathfrak{gl}_2(mathbb{C})$ and $d=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 cr 0 & i end{pmatrix}$, $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$. Then we have
            $$
            overline{[d,x]}=overline{dx-xd}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1-i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix},
            $$
            but
            $$
            [overline{d},x]=overline{d}x-xoverline{d}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i-1 cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}.
            $$
            Do you have a link for the question ?






            share|cite|improve this answer














            Here is a counterexample. Let $L=mathfrak{gl}_2(mathbb{C})$ and $d=begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 cr 0 & i end{pmatrix}$, $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$. Then we have
            $$
            overline{[d,x]}=overline{dx-xd}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1-i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix},
            $$
            but
            $$
            [overline{d},x]=overline{d}x-xoverline{d}=begin{pmatrix} 0 & i-1 cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}.
            $$
            Do you have a link for the question ?







            share|cite|improve this answer














            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer








            edited May 16 '16 at 10:45

























            answered May 16 '16 at 10:29









            Dietrich Burde

            76.8k64286




            76.8k64286












            • Thanks for the reply, the sheet has another question missing a criteria so this might be a similar issue. The sheet is located at www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/undergrad/ughandbook/lecturers/… but I don't think you can access it unless you are a student or staff at Warwick. A screenshot of the sheet (question 1) is here: imgur.com/fDSr0Sx , question 2b is missing the non-degenerate criteria so perhaps question 1 is missing a criteria (could you think of any that apply?). I might have miscalculated $overline{ad(d)}$ but that is all I can think of.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 12:18












            • I will accept your answer once I determine if the question is incorrect or not by the way, just want it to remain unanswered for now in case someone else has an insight too. Thanks.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 12:21






            • 1




              You can come up with more examples like this, which differ not only by a sign, but are completely different, e.g. with $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1+i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$, and some diagonal $d$.
              – Dietrich Burde
              May 16 '16 at 13:52










            • Oh I believe you don't get me wrong, I was just unsure if I had interpreted the question's idea of the commutator wrong. I'll email my lecturer, thanks for the help.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 15:45






            • 1




              You are welcome!
              – Dietrich Burde
              May 16 '16 at 15:50


















            • Thanks for the reply, the sheet has another question missing a criteria so this might be a similar issue. The sheet is located at www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/undergrad/ughandbook/lecturers/… but I don't think you can access it unless you are a student or staff at Warwick. A screenshot of the sheet (question 1) is here: imgur.com/fDSr0Sx , question 2b is missing the non-degenerate criteria so perhaps question 1 is missing a criteria (could you think of any that apply?). I might have miscalculated $overline{ad(d)}$ but that is all I can think of.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 12:18












            • I will accept your answer once I determine if the question is incorrect or not by the way, just want it to remain unanswered for now in case someone else has an insight too. Thanks.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 12:21






            • 1




              You can come up with more examples like this, which differ not only by a sign, but are completely different, e.g. with $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1+i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$, and some diagonal $d$.
              – Dietrich Burde
              May 16 '16 at 13:52










            • Oh I believe you don't get me wrong, I was just unsure if I had interpreted the question's idea of the commutator wrong. I'll email my lecturer, thanks for the help.
              – D. P
              May 16 '16 at 15:45






            • 1




              You are welcome!
              – Dietrich Burde
              May 16 '16 at 15:50
















            Thanks for the reply, the sheet has another question missing a criteria so this might be a similar issue. The sheet is located at www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/undergrad/ughandbook/lecturers/… but I don't think you can access it unless you are a student or staff at Warwick. A screenshot of the sheet (question 1) is here: imgur.com/fDSr0Sx , question 2b is missing the non-degenerate criteria so perhaps question 1 is missing a criteria (could you think of any that apply?). I might have miscalculated $overline{ad(d)}$ but that is all I can think of.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 12:18






            Thanks for the reply, the sheet has another question missing a criteria so this might be a similar issue. The sheet is located at www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/maths/undergrad/ughandbook/lecturers/… but I don't think you can access it unless you are a student or staff at Warwick. A screenshot of the sheet (question 1) is here: imgur.com/fDSr0Sx , question 2b is missing the non-degenerate criteria so perhaps question 1 is missing a criteria (could you think of any that apply?). I might have miscalculated $overline{ad(d)}$ but that is all I can think of.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 12:18














            I will accept your answer once I determine if the question is incorrect or not by the way, just want it to remain unanswered for now in case someone else has an insight too. Thanks.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 12:21




            I will accept your answer once I determine if the question is incorrect or not by the way, just want it to remain unanswered for now in case someone else has an insight too. Thanks.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 12:21




            1




            1




            You can come up with more examples like this, which differ not only by a sign, but are completely different, e.g. with $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1+i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$, and some diagonal $d$.
            – Dietrich Burde
            May 16 '16 at 13:52




            You can come up with more examples like this, which differ not only by a sign, but are completely different, e.g. with $x=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1+i cr 0 & 0 end{pmatrix}$, and some diagonal $d$.
            – Dietrich Burde
            May 16 '16 at 13:52












            Oh I believe you don't get me wrong, I was just unsure if I had interpreted the question's idea of the commutator wrong. I'll email my lecturer, thanks for the help.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 15:45




            Oh I believe you don't get me wrong, I was just unsure if I had interpreted the question's idea of the commutator wrong. I'll email my lecturer, thanks for the help.
            – D. P
            May 16 '16 at 15:45




            1




            1




            You are welcome!
            – Dietrich Burde
            May 16 '16 at 15:50




            You are welcome!
            – Dietrich Burde
            May 16 '16 at 15:50










            up vote
            1
            down vote













            The equality you want to prove is $overline{ad(d)} = adoverline{(d)}$ which is not equivalent to $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



            If $d = text{diag}(lambda_1, dots, lambda_n)$, then $ad(d) = text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)$, where $1 leq i,j leq n$. More precisely, $ad(d)$ has eigenvalues $lambda_i - lambda_j$ corresponding to eigenvectors $E_{ij}$. Therefore $$overline{ad(d)} = overline{text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)} = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i - lambda_j}) = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i} - overline{lambda_j}) = ad(overline{d}).$$






            share|cite|improve this answer








            New contributor




            Ra1le is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.






















              up vote
              1
              down vote













              The equality you want to prove is $overline{ad(d)} = adoverline{(d)}$ which is not equivalent to $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



              If $d = text{diag}(lambda_1, dots, lambda_n)$, then $ad(d) = text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)$, where $1 leq i,j leq n$. More precisely, $ad(d)$ has eigenvalues $lambda_i - lambda_j$ corresponding to eigenvectors $E_{ij}$. Therefore $$overline{ad(d)} = overline{text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)} = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i - lambda_j}) = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i} - overline{lambda_j}) = ad(overline{d}).$$






              share|cite|improve this answer








              New contributor




              Ra1le is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
              Check out our Code of Conduct.




















                up vote
                1
                down vote










                up vote
                1
                down vote









                The equality you want to prove is $overline{ad(d)} = adoverline{(d)}$ which is not equivalent to $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



                If $d = text{diag}(lambda_1, dots, lambda_n)$, then $ad(d) = text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)$, where $1 leq i,j leq n$. More precisely, $ad(d)$ has eigenvalues $lambda_i - lambda_j$ corresponding to eigenvectors $E_{ij}$. Therefore $$overline{ad(d)} = overline{text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)} = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i - lambda_j}) = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i} - overline{lambda_j}) = ad(overline{d}).$$






                share|cite|improve this answer








                New contributor




                Ra1le is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.









                The equality you want to prove is $overline{ad(d)} = adoverline{(d)}$ which is not equivalent to $overline{dx - xd} = bar{d}x - xbar{d}$.



                If $d = text{diag}(lambda_1, dots, lambda_n)$, then $ad(d) = text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)$, where $1 leq i,j leq n$. More precisely, $ad(d)$ has eigenvalues $lambda_i - lambda_j$ corresponding to eigenvectors $E_{ij}$. Therefore $$overline{ad(d)} = overline{text{diag}(lambda_i - lambda_j)} = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i - lambda_j}) = text{diag}(overline{lambda_i} - overline{lambda_j}) = ad(overline{d}).$$







                share|cite|improve this answer








                New contributor




                Ra1le is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.









                share|cite|improve this answer



                share|cite|improve this answer






                New contributor




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                answered Dec 2 at 2:17









                Ra1le

                112




                112




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                New contributor





                Ra1le is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.






                Ra1le is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.






























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