Maximum of $ab+2bc+3ca$ with $a^4+b^4+c^4=1$
up vote
4
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favorite
Let $a,b,cin mathbb R^+$ with $a^4+b^4+c^4=1$. What is the maximal value $ab+2bc+3ca$ can take?
I tried using Cauchy-Schwarz several different ways and the best upper bound I got was $sqrt{14}$, but it was never sharp.
Numerical search suggests that the maximum occurs at about $a=0.763316$, $b=0.697312$, $c=0.80698$ with $ab+2bc+3ca=3.505647$, though I couldn't find any valuable relation between these numbers and the rationals.
multivariable-calculus inequality optimization lagrange-multiplier maxima-minima
|
show 1 more comment
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
Let $a,b,cin mathbb R^+$ with $a^4+b^4+c^4=1$. What is the maximal value $ab+2bc+3ca$ can take?
I tried using Cauchy-Schwarz several different ways and the best upper bound I got was $sqrt{14}$, but it was never sharp.
Numerical search suggests that the maximum occurs at about $a=0.763316$, $b=0.697312$, $c=0.80698$ with $ab+2bc+3ca=3.505647$, though I couldn't find any valuable relation between these numbers and the rationals.
multivariable-calculus inequality optimization lagrange-multiplier maxima-minima
1
I also tried on Wolfram Alpha, but it basically validates your results (there appears to be a symmetry).
– Moo
2 days ago
But Wolfram gives nothing useful for a closed form for $3.505647.$ Things like $$sqrt{14+pi-7log 2}.$$
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
@Moo Yes, if you negate a, b and c, neither the fourth powers nor the products change. That's why I specified $a,b,c in mathbb R^+$.
– Richard
2 days ago
@ThomasAndrews: Even though it does not find a closed form, you can do things like Wolfram Alpha to get closed form expressions.
– Moo
2 days ago
1
@Moo Yeah, the output above was what I got from WA when I did that. It seems unlikely the closed forms I got were the right ones.
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
|
show 1 more comment
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
Let $a,b,cin mathbb R^+$ with $a^4+b^4+c^4=1$. What is the maximal value $ab+2bc+3ca$ can take?
I tried using Cauchy-Schwarz several different ways and the best upper bound I got was $sqrt{14}$, but it was never sharp.
Numerical search suggests that the maximum occurs at about $a=0.763316$, $b=0.697312$, $c=0.80698$ with $ab+2bc+3ca=3.505647$, though I couldn't find any valuable relation between these numbers and the rationals.
multivariable-calculus inequality optimization lagrange-multiplier maxima-minima
Let $a,b,cin mathbb R^+$ with $a^4+b^4+c^4=1$. What is the maximal value $ab+2bc+3ca$ can take?
I tried using Cauchy-Schwarz several different ways and the best upper bound I got was $sqrt{14}$, but it was never sharp.
Numerical search suggests that the maximum occurs at about $a=0.763316$, $b=0.697312$, $c=0.80698$ with $ab+2bc+3ca=3.505647$, though I couldn't find any valuable relation between these numbers and the rationals.
multivariable-calculus inequality optimization lagrange-multiplier maxima-minima
multivariable-calculus inequality optimization lagrange-multiplier maxima-minima
edited 2 days ago
Michael Rozenberg
94.5k1588183
94.5k1588183
asked 2 days ago
Richard
3801111
3801111
1
I also tried on Wolfram Alpha, but it basically validates your results (there appears to be a symmetry).
– Moo
2 days ago
But Wolfram gives nothing useful for a closed form for $3.505647.$ Things like $$sqrt{14+pi-7log 2}.$$
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
@Moo Yes, if you negate a, b and c, neither the fourth powers nor the products change. That's why I specified $a,b,c in mathbb R^+$.
– Richard
2 days ago
@ThomasAndrews: Even though it does not find a closed form, you can do things like Wolfram Alpha to get closed form expressions.
– Moo
2 days ago
1
@Moo Yeah, the output above was what I got from WA when I did that. It seems unlikely the closed forms I got were the right ones.
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
|
show 1 more comment
1
I also tried on Wolfram Alpha, but it basically validates your results (there appears to be a symmetry).
– Moo
2 days ago
But Wolfram gives nothing useful for a closed form for $3.505647.$ Things like $$sqrt{14+pi-7log 2}.$$
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
@Moo Yes, if you negate a, b and c, neither the fourth powers nor the products change. That's why I specified $a,b,c in mathbb R^+$.
– Richard
2 days ago
@ThomasAndrews: Even though it does not find a closed form, you can do things like Wolfram Alpha to get closed form expressions.
– Moo
2 days ago
1
@Moo Yeah, the output above was what I got from WA when I did that. It seems unlikely the closed forms I got were the right ones.
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
1
1
I also tried on Wolfram Alpha, but it basically validates your results (there appears to be a symmetry).
– Moo
2 days ago
I also tried on Wolfram Alpha, but it basically validates your results (there appears to be a symmetry).
– Moo
2 days ago
But Wolfram gives nothing useful for a closed form for $3.505647.$ Things like $$sqrt{14+pi-7log 2}.$$
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
But Wolfram gives nothing useful for a closed form for $3.505647.$ Things like $$sqrt{14+pi-7log 2}.$$
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
@Moo Yes, if you negate a, b and c, neither the fourth powers nor the products change. That's why I specified $a,b,c in mathbb R^+$.
– Richard
2 days ago
@Moo Yes, if you negate a, b and c, neither the fourth powers nor the products change. That's why I specified $a,b,c in mathbb R^+$.
– Richard
2 days ago
@ThomasAndrews: Even though it does not find a closed form, you can do things like Wolfram Alpha to get closed form expressions.
– Moo
2 days ago
@ThomasAndrews: Even though it does not find a closed form, you can do things like Wolfram Alpha to get closed form expressions.
– Moo
2 days ago
1
1
@Moo Yeah, the output above was what I got from WA when I did that. It seems unlikely the closed forms I got were the right ones.
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
@Moo Yeah, the output above was what I got from WA when I did that. It seems unlikely the closed forms I got were the right ones.
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
|
show 1 more comment
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
It's enough to look for non-negative variables.
Let $f(a,b,c)=ab+2bc+3ac+lambda(a^4+b^4+c^4-1)$ and $a=xb$.
Thus, in the critical point we have
$$b+2c+4lambda a^3=a+2c+4lambda b^3=2b+3a+4lambda c^3=0,$$ which gives
$$frac{b+3c}{a^3}=frac{a+2c}{b^3}=frac{2b+3a}{c^3}.$$
From the first equation we obtain:
$$c=frac{a^4-b^4}{3b^3-2a^3},$$ which after substitution in the second gives
$$frac{(x^4-1)^3}{(3-2x^3)^3}left(x+frac{2(x^4-1)}{3-2x^3}right)=2+3x$$ or
$$45x^{13}+34x^{12}-288x^{10}-183x^9-6x^8+648x^7+432x^6-9x^5-642x^4-432x^3+246x+160=0,$$
which gives $x=1.09465...$ or $x=1.26369...$ and we can show that $x=1.09465...$ gives a maximal value.
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
It's enough to look for non-negative variables.
Let $f(a,b,c)=ab+2bc+3ac+lambda(a^4+b^4+c^4-1)$ and $a=xb$.
Thus, in the critical point we have
$$b+2c+4lambda a^3=a+2c+4lambda b^3=2b+3a+4lambda c^3=0,$$ which gives
$$frac{b+3c}{a^3}=frac{a+2c}{b^3}=frac{2b+3a}{c^3}.$$
From the first equation we obtain:
$$c=frac{a^4-b^4}{3b^3-2a^3},$$ which after substitution in the second gives
$$frac{(x^4-1)^3}{(3-2x^3)^3}left(x+frac{2(x^4-1)}{3-2x^3}right)=2+3x$$ or
$$45x^{13}+34x^{12}-288x^{10}-183x^9-6x^8+648x^7+432x^6-9x^5-642x^4-432x^3+246x+160=0,$$
which gives $x=1.09465...$ or $x=1.26369...$ and we can show that $x=1.09465...$ gives a maximal value.
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
It's enough to look for non-negative variables.
Let $f(a,b,c)=ab+2bc+3ac+lambda(a^4+b^4+c^4-1)$ and $a=xb$.
Thus, in the critical point we have
$$b+2c+4lambda a^3=a+2c+4lambda b^3=2b+3a+4lambda c^3=0,$$ which gives
$$frac{b+3c}{a^3}=frac{a+2c}{b^3}=frac{2b+3a}{c^3}.$$
From the first equation we obtain:
$$c=frac{a^4-b^4}{3b^3-2a^3},$$ which after substitution in the second gives
$$frac{(x^4-1)^3}{(3-2x^3)^3}left(x+frac{2(x^4-1)}{3-2x^3}right)=2+3x$$ or
$$45x^{13}+34x^{12}-288x^{10}-183x^9-6x^8+648x^7+432x^6-9x^5-642x^4-432x^3+246x+160=0,$$
which gives $x=1.09465...$ or $x=1.26369...$ and we can show that $x=1.09465...$ gives a maximal value.
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
It's enough to look for non-negative variables.
Let $f(a,b,c)=ab+2bc+3ac+lambda(a^4+b^4+c^4-1)$ and $a=xb$.
Thus, in the critical point we have
$$b+2c+4lambda a^3=a+2c+4lambda b^3=2b+3a+4lambda c^3=0,$$ which gives
$$frac{b+3c}{a^3}=frac{a+2c}{b^3}=frac{2b+3a}{c^3}.$$
From the first equation we obtain:
$$c=frac{a^4-b^4}{3b^3-2a^3},$$ which after substitution in the second gives
$$frac{(x^4-1)^3}{(3-2x^3)^3}left(x+frac{2(x^4-1)}{3-2x^3}right)=2+3x$$ or
$$45x^{13}+34x^{12}-288x^{10}-183x^9-6x^8+648x^7+432x^6-9x^5-642x^4-432x^3+246x+160=0,$$
which gives $x=1.09465...$ or $x=1.26369...$ and we can show that $x=1.09465...$ gives a maximal value.
It's enough to look for non-negative variables.
Let $f(a,b,c)=ab+2bc+3ac+lambda(a^4+b^4+c^4-1)$ and $a=xb$.
Thus, in the critical point we have
$$b+2c+4lambda a^3=a+2c+4lambda b^3=2b+3a+4lambda c^3=0,$$ which gives
$$frac{b+3c}{a^3}=frac{a+2c}{b^3}=frac{2b+3a}{c^3}.$$
From the first equation we obtain:
$$c=frac{a^4-b^4}{3b^3-2a^3},$$ which after substitution in the second gives
$$frac{(x^4-1)^3}{(3-2x^3)^3}left(x+frac{2(x^4-1)}{3-2x^3}right)=2+3x$$ or
$$45x^{13}+34x^{12}-288x^{10}-183x^9-6x^8+648x^7+432x^6-9x^5-642x^4-432x^3+246x+160=0,$$
which gives $x=1.09465...$ or $x=1.26369...$ and we can show that $x=1.09465...$ gives a maximal value.
edited 2 days ago
answered 2 days ago
Michael Rozenberg
94.5k1588183
94.5k1588183
add a comment |
add a comment |
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1
I also tried on Wolfram Alpha, but it basically validates your results (there appears to be a symmetry).
– Moo
2 days ago
But Wolfram gives nothing useful for a closed form for $3.505647.$ Things like $$sqrt{14+pi-7log 2}.$$
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago
@Moo Yes, if you negate a, b and c, neither the fourth powers nor the products change. That's why I specified $a,b,c in mathbb R^+$.
– Richard
2 days ago
@ThomasAndrews: Even though it does not find a closed form, you can do things like Wolfram Alpha to get closed form expressions.
– Moo
2 days ago
1
@Moo Yeah, the output above was what I got from WA when I did that. It seems unlikely the closed forms I got were the right ones.
– Thomas Andrews
2 days ago