Is there a known mathematical foundation to the concept of emergence?












5












$begingroup$


I'm researching many topics including emergence and chaos theory, and I cannot for the life of me find strictly mathematical treatments of the idea of emergence. Is there any form or field of mathematics that can predict the emergence of one equation from another, or from a set of equations? A simple analogy would be the "emergence" of a velocity equation by differentiating the position equation, and an acceleration equation from a velocity equation. More aptly, for example, is there any known way in which the Navier-Stokes equation can "emerge" from the equations of Schrödinger, Pauli or Dirac (or even the equations of QCD)? Some relatively "simple" transformation based upon, perhaps, a single parameter (ideally, maybe scale, energy, etc), that can change an equation from one integrative level to an equation from a higher/lower integrative level?



I realize this seems to be a hotly debated topic in some ways, but I cannot seem to find what I am looking for. My intuition for some reason says this may involve, among other ideas, fractional differential equations, Galois theory, fractal geometry, nested matrices, Fourier/Laplace transformations, that kind of thing. Deep down (despite my lack of formal mathematical education), I truly feel there HAS to be a relatively simple way in which equations can be transformed from small-scale dynamics to larger, emergent phenomena. Imagine having a transformation that could transform the Schrödinger equation smoothly through the Pauli equation, then the Dirac equation, on up through the Navier-Stokes equation (finally?) arriving at the Einstein Field Equations, all based upon a few (maybe even a single) parameter(s).






chaos-theory







share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I would say that the most similar thing one can think of is Catastrophe theory.
    $endgroup$
    – John B
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:06






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Are you asking about deriving macroscopic equations from microscopic equations? This is a deep subject, but its most basic aspects are in statistical thermodynamics. Statistical mechanics is a more difficult subject with more problem-specific aspects. It is actually a bit surprising, coming from statistical thermodynamics, that the situation is as problem-specific as it is.
    $endgroup$
    – Ian
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:08








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    For example, one would naively expect to always have some kind of Fokker-Planck equation for whatever macroscopic variable you want, even if the parameters are complicated...but in fact the procedure for deriving such a thing, called van Kampen system size expansion, requires somewhat stringent hypotheses.
    $endgroup$
    – Ian
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:10






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    from the many versions of Euler-Lagrange equations emerge movement
    $endgroup$
    – janmarqz
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:22


















5












$begingroup$


I'm researching many topics including emergence and chaos theory, and I cannot for the life of me find strictly mathematical treatments of the idea of emergence. Is there any form or field of mathematics that can predict the emergence of one equation from another, or from a set of equations? A simple analogy would be the "emergence" of a velocity equation by differentiating the position equation, and an acceleration equation from a velocity equation. More aptly, for example, is there any known way in which the Navier-Stokes equation can "emerge" from the equations of Schrödinger, Pauli or Dirac (or even the equations of QCD)? Some relatively "simple" transformation based upon, perhaps, a single parameter (ideally, maybe scale, energy, etc), that can change an equation from one integrative level to an equation from a higher/lower integrative level?



I realize this seems to be a hotly debated topic in some ways, but I cannot seem to find what I am looking for. My intuition for some reason says this may involve, among other ideas, fractional differential equations, Galois theory, fractal geometry, nested matrices, Fourier/Laplace transformations, that kind of thing. Deep down (despite my lack of formal mathematical education), I truly feel there HAS to be a relatively simple way in which equations can be transformed from small-scale dynamics to larger, emergent phenomena. Imagine having a transformation that could transform the Schrödinger equation smoothly through the Pauli equation, then the Dirac equation, on up through the Navier-Stokes equation (finally?) arriving at the Einstein Field Equations, all based upon a few (maybe even a single) parameter(s).






chaos-theory







share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I would say that the most similar thing one can think of is Catastrophe theory.
    $endgroup$
    – John B
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:06






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Are you asking about deriving macroscopic equations from microscopic equations? This is a deep subject, but its most basic aspects are in statistical thermodynamics. Statistical mechanics is a more difficult subject with more problem-specific aspects. It is actually a bit surprising, coming from statistical thermodynamics, that the situation is as problem-specific as it is.
    $endgroup$
    – Ian
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:08








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    For example, one would naively expect to always have some kind of Fokker-Planck equation for whatever macroscopic variable you want, even if the parameters are complicated...but in fact the procedure for deriving such a thing, called van Kampen system size expansion, requires somewhat stringent hypotheses.
    $endgroup$
    – Ian
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:10






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    from the many versions of Euler-Lagrange equations emerge movement
    $endgroup$
    – janmarqz
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:22
















5












5








5


1



$begingroup$


I'm researching many topics including emergence and chaos theory, and I cannot for the life of me find strictly mathematical treatments of the idea of emergence. Is there any form or field of mathematics that can predict the emergence of one equation from another, or from a set of equations? A simple analogy would be the "emergence" of a velocity equation by differentiating the position equation, and an acceleration equation from a velocity equation. More aptly, for example, is there any known way in which the Navier-Stokes equation can "emerge" from the equations of Schrödinger, Pauli or Dirac (or even the equations of QCD)? Some relatively "simple" transformation based upon, perhaps, a single parameter (ideally, maybe scale, energy, etc), that can change an equation from one integrative level to an equation from a higher/lower integrative level?



I realize this seems to be a hotly debated topic in some ways, but I cannot seem to find what I am looking for. My intuition for some reason says this may involve, among other ideas, fractional differential equations, Galois theory, fractal geometry, nested matrices, Fourier/Laplace transformations, that kind of thing. Deep down (despite my lack of formal mathematical education), I truly feel there HAS to be a relatively simple way in which equations can be transformed from small-scale dynamics to larger, emergent phenomena. Imagine having a transformation that could transform the Schrödinger equation smoothly through the Pauli equation, then the Dirac equation, on up through the Navier-Stokes equation (finally?) arriving at the Einstein Field Equations, all based upon a few (maybe even a single) parameter(s).






chaos-theory







share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




I'm researching many topics including emergence and chaos theory, and I cannot for the life of me find strictly mathematical treatments of the idea of emergence. Is there any form or field of mathematics that can predict the emergence of one equation from another, or from a set of equations? A simple analogy would be the "emergence" of a velocity equation by differentiating the position equation, and an acceleration equation from a velocity equation. More aptly, for example, is there any known way in which the Navier-Stokes equation can "emerge" from the equations of Schrödinger, Pauli or Dirac (or even the equations of QCD)? Some relatively "simple" transformation based upon, perhaps, a single parameter (ideally, maybe scale, energy, etc), that can change an equation from one integrative level to an equation from a higher/lower integrative level?



I realize this seems to be a hotly debated topic in some ways, but I cannot seem to find what I am looking for. My intuition for some reason says this may involve, among other ideas, fractional differential equations, Galois theory, fractal geometry, nested matrices, Fourier/Laplace transformations, that kind of thing. Deep down (despite my lack of formal mathematical education), I truly feel there HAS to be a relatively simple way in which equations can be transformed from small-scale dynamics to larger, emergent phenomena. Imagine having a transformation that could transform the Schrödinger equation smoothly through the Pauli equation, then the Dirac equation, on up through the Navier-Stokes equation (finally?) arriving at the Einstein Field Equations, all based upon a few (maybe even a single) parameter(s).






chaos-theory




chaos-theory






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Jan 15 '16 at 0:01







Garrett Miller

















asked Jan 15 '16 at 0:00









Garrett MillerGarrett Miller

605




605








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I would say that the most similar thing one can think of is Catastrophe theory.
    $endgroup$
    – John B
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:06






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Are you asking about deriving macroscopic equations from microscopic equations? This is a deep subject, but its most basic aspects are in statistical thermodynamics. Statistical mechanics is a more difficult subject with more problem-specific aspects. It is actually a bit surprising, coming from statistical thermodynamics, that the situation is as problem-specific as it is.
    $endgroup$
    – Ian
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:08








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    For example, one would naively expect to always have some kind of Fokker-Planck equation for whatever macroscopic variable you want, even if the parameters are complicated...but in fact the procedure for deriving such a thing, called van Kampen system size expansion, requires somewhat stringent hypotheses.
    $endgroup$
    – Ian
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:10






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    from the many versions of Euler-Lagrange equations emerge movement
    $endgroup$
    – janmarqz
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:22
















  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I would say that the most similar thing one can think of is Catastrophe theory.
    $endgroup$
    – John B
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:06






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Are you asking about deriving macroscopic equations from microscopic equations? This is a deep subject, but its most basic aspects are in statistical thermodynamics. Statistical mechanics is a more difficult subject with more problem-specific aspects. It is actually a bit surprising, coming from statistical thermodynamics, that the situation is as problem-specific as it is.
    $endgroup$
    – Ian
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:08








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    For example, one would naively expect to always have some kind of Fokker-Planck equation for whatever macroscopic variable you want, even if the parameters are complicated...but in fact the procedure for deriving such a thing, called van Kampen system size expansion, requires somewhat stringent hypotheses.
    $endgroup$
    – Ian
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:10






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    from the many versions of Euler-Lagrange equations emerge movement
    $endgroup$
    – janmarqz
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:22










1




1




$begingroup$
I would say that the most similar thing one can think of is Catastrophe theory.
$endgroup$
– John B
Jan 15 '16 at 0:06




$begingroup$
I would say that the most similar thing one can think of is Catastrophe theory.
$endgroup$
– John B
Jan 15 '16 at 0:06




2




2




$begingroup$
Are you asking about deriving macroscopic equations from microscopic equations? This is a deep subject, but its most basic aspects are in statistical thermodynamics. Statistical mechanics is a more difficult subject with more problem-specific aspects. It is actually a bit surprising, coming from statistical thermodynamics, that the situation is as problem-specific as it is.
$endgroup$
– Ian
Jan 15 '16 at 0:08






$begingroup$
Are you asking about deriving macroscopic equations from microscopic equations? This is a deep subject, but its most basic aspects are in statistical thermodynamics. Statistical mechanics is a more difficult subject with more problem-specific aspects. It is actually a bit surprising, coming from statistical thermodynamics, that the situation is as problem-specific as it is.
$endgroup$
– Ian
Jan 15 '16 at 0:08






1




1




$begingroup$
For example, one would naively expect to always have some kind of Fokker-Planck equation for whatever macroscopic variable you want, even if the parameters are complicated...but in fact the procedure for deriving such a thing, called van Kampen system size expansion, requires somewhat stringent hypotheses.
$endgroup$
– Ian
Jan 15 '16 at 0:10




$begingroup$
For example, one would naively expect to always have some kind of Fokker-Planck equation for whatever macroscopic variable you want, even if the parameters are complicated...but in fact the procedure for deriving such a thing, called van Kampen system size expansion, requires somewhat stringent hypotheses.
$endgroup$
– Ian
Jan 15 '16 at 0:10




1




1




$begingroup$
from the many versions of Euler-Lagrange equations emerge movement
$endgroup$
– janmarqz
Jan 15 '16 at 0:22






$begingroup$
from the many versions of Euler-Lagrange equations emerge movement
$endgroup$
– janmarqz
Jan 15 '16 at 0:22












2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















2












$begingroup$

There is no method (known) in full generality. The does exist a huge amount of literature, mainly in physics, on deriving the equations of continuous or "large" systems as a statistical mechanics limit of N-particle systems.



Emergence usually means something broader than reduction of macroscopic equations to microscopic ones. The idea more is different is that phenomena and quantities that describe a large system can be qualitatively different than those useful for the description of its microscopic building blocks, and knowing the lower level completely is not always sufficient to understand the higher level.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$









  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I think the "general" bifurcation diagram depicts many things. I feel that the bifurcation diagram for ax(1-x) depicts the universe quite well. The bifurcation of the Schrödinger equation (with a single complex answer) leads to the 2-component Pauli equation, which bifurcates again to the 4-component Dirac equation, which possibly bifurcates again to the (seemingly) eight-component function of QCD (and its corresponding eight gluon flavors) which infinitely bifurcates until it hits the critical threshold (one of the Feigenbaum constants) where many possibilities exist in the form of molecules.
    $endgroup$
    – Garrett Miller
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:58



















2












$begingroup$

There is no known way of deriving the Navier-Stokes equation from the Bolzmann equations.



There are attempts at putting emergence on a firm mathematical foundation in very wide generality. While the following introduces it only in the context of cellular automata, it generalises well to other domains:



Robert S. MacKay.Space-time phases, page 387–426. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series. Cambridge University Press, 2013.



See also this paper for another method for quantifying emergence using shannon entropy:



ROBIN C. BALL, MARINA DIAKONOVA, and ROBERT S. MACKAY.Quantifying emergence in terms of persistent mutual information.Advancesin Complex Systems, 13(03):327–338, 2010.






share|cite|improve this answer









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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    2












    $begingroup$

    There is no method (known) in full generality. The does exist a huge amount of literature, mainly in physics, on deriving the equations of continuous or "large" systems as a statistical mechanics limit of N-particle systems.



    Emergence usually means something broader than reduction of macroscopic equations to microscopic ones. The idea more is different is that phenomena and quantities that describe a large system can be qualitatively different than those useful for the description of its microscopic building blocks, and knowing the lower level completely is not always sufficient to understand the higher level.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$









    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I think the "general" bifurcation diagram depicts many things. I feel that the bifurcation diagram for ax(1-x) depicts the universe quite well. The bifurcation of the Schrödinger equation (with a single complex answer) leads to the 2-component Pauli equation, which bifurcates again to the 4-component Dirac equation, which possibly bifurcates again to the (seemingly) eight-component function of QCD (and its corresponding eight gluon flavors) which infinitely bifurcates until it hits the critical threshold (one of the Feigenbaum constants) where many possibilities exist in the form of molecules.
      $endgroup$
      – Garrett Miller
      Jan 15 '16 at 0:58
















    2












    $begingroup$

    There is no method (known) in full generality. The does exist a huge amount of literature, mainly in physics, on deriving the equations of continuous or "large" systems as a statistical mechanics limit of N-particle systems.



    Emergence usually means something broader than reduction of macroscopic equations to microscopic ones. The idea more is different is that phenomena and quantities that describe a large system can be qualitatively different than those useful for the description of its microscopic building blocks, and knowing the lower level completely is not always sufficient to understand the higher level.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$









    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I think the "general" bifurcation diagram depicts many things. I feel that the bifurcation diagram for ax(1-x) depicts the universe quite well. The bifurcation of the Schrödinger equation (with a single complex answer) leads to the 2-component Pauli equation, which bifurcates again to the 4-component Dirac equation, which possibly bifurcates again to the (seemingly) eight-component function of QCD (and its corresponding eight gluon flavors) which infinitely bifurcates until it hits the critical threshold (one of the Feigenbaum constants) where many possibilities exist in the form of molecules.
      $endgroup$
      – Garrett Miller
      Jan 15 '16 at 0:58














    2












    2








    2





    $begingroup$

    There is no method (known) in full generality. The does exist a huge amount of literature, mainly in physics, on deriving the equations of continuous or "large" systems as a statistical mechanics limit of N-particle systems.



    Emergence usually means something broader than reduction of macroscopic equations to microscopic ones. The idea more is different is that phenomena and quantities that describe a large system can be qualitatively different than those useful for the description of its microscopic building blocks, and knowing the lower level completely is not always sufficient to understand the higher level.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$



    There is no method (known) in full generality. The does exist a huge amount of literature, mainly in physics, on deriving the equations of continuous or "large" systems as a statistical mechanics limit of N-particle systems.



    Emergence usually means something broader than reduction of macroscopic equations to microscopic ones. The idea more is different is that phenomena and quantities that describe a large system can be qualitatively different than those useful for the description of its microscopic building blocks, and knowing the lower level completely is not always sufficient to understand the higher level.







    share|cite|improve this answer












    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer










    answered Jan 15 '16 at 0:20









    zyxzyx

    31.4k33698




    31.4k33698








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I think the "general" bifurcation diagram depicts many things. I feel that the bifurcation diagram for ax(1-x) depicts the universe quite well. The bifurcation of the Schrödinger equation (with a single complex answer) leads to the 2-component Pauli equation, which bifurcates again to the 4-component Dirac equation, which possibly bifurcates again to the (seemingly) eight-component function of QCD (and its corresponding eight gluon flavors) which infinitely bifurcates until it hits the critical threshold (one of the Feigenbaum constants) where many possibilities exist in the form of molecules.
      $endgroup$
      – Garrett Miller
      Jan 15 '16 at 0:58














    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I think the "general" bifurcation diagram depicts many things. I feel that the bifurcation diagram for ax(1-x) depicts the universe quite well. The bifurcation of the Schrödinger equation (with a single complex answer) leads to the 2-component Pauli equation, which bifurcates again to the 4-component Dirac equation, which possibly bifurcates again to the (seemingly) eight-component function of QCD (and its corresponding eight gluon flavors) which infinitely bifurcates until it hits the critical threshold (one of the Feigenbaum constants) where many possibilities exist in the form of molecules.
      $endgroup$
      – Garrett Miller
      Jan 15 '16 at 0:58








    1




    1




    $begingroup$
    I think the "general" bifurcation diagram depicts many things. I feel that the bifurcation diagram for ax(1-x) depicts the universe quite well. The bifurcation of the Schrödinger equation (with a single complex answer) leads to the 2-component Pauli equation, which bifurcates again to the 4-component Dirac equation, which possibly bifurcates again to the (seemingly) eight-component function of QCD (and its corresponding eight gluon flavors) which infinitely bifurcates until it hits the critical threshold (one of the Feigenbaum constants) where many possibilities exist in the form of molecules.
    $endgroup$
    – Garrett Miller
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:58




    $begingroup$
    I think the "general" bifurcation diagram depicts many things. I feel that the bifurcation diagram for ax(1-x) depicts the universe quite well. The bifurcation of the Schrödinger equation (with a single complex answer) leads to the 2-component Pauli equation, which bifurcates again to the 4-component Dirac equation, which possibly bifurcates again to the (seemingly) eight-component function of QCD (and its corresponding eight gluon flavors) which infinitely bifurcates until it hits the critical threshold (one of the Feigenbaum constants) where many possibilities exist in the form of molecules.
    $endgroup$
    – Garrett Miller
    Jan 15 '16 at 0:58











    2












    $begingroup$

    There is no known way of deriving the Navier-Stokes equation from the Bolzmann equations.



    There are attempts at putting emergence on a firm mathematical foundation in very wide generality. While the following introduces it only in the context of cellular automata, it generalises well to other domains:



    Robert S. MacKay.Space-time phases, page 387–426. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series. Cambridge University Press, 2013.



    See also this paper for another method for quantifying emergence using shannon entropy:



    ROBIN C. BALL, MARINA DIAKONOVA, and ROBERT S. MACKAY.Quantifying emergence in terms of persistent mutual information.Advancesin Complex Systems, 13(03):327–338, 2010.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$


















      2












      $begingroup$

      There is no known way of deriving the Navier-Stokes equation from the Bolzmann equations.



      There are attempts at putting emergence on a firm mathematical foundation in very wide generality. While the following introduces it only in the context of cellular automata, it generalises well to other domains:



      Robert S. MacKay.Space-time phases, page 387–426. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series. Cambridge University Press, 2013.



      See also this paper for another method for quantifying emergence using shannon entropy:



      ROBIN C. BALL, MARINA DIAKONOVA, and ROBERT S. MACKAY.Quantifying emergence in terms of persistent mutual information.Advancesin Complex Systems, 13(03):327–338, 2010.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$
















        2












        2








        2





        $begingroup$

        There is no known way of deriving the Navier-Stokes equation from the Bolzmann equations.



        There are attempts at putting emergence on a firm mathematical foundation in very wide generality. While the following introduces it only in the context of cellular automata, it generalises well to other domains:



        Robert S. MacKay.Space-time phases, page 387–426. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series. Cambridge University Press, 2013.



        See also this paper for another method for quantifying emergence using shannon entropy:



        ROBIN C. BALL, MARINA DIAKONOVA, and ROBERT S. MACKAY.Quantifying emergence in terms of persistent mutual information.Advancesin Complex Systems, 13(03):327–338, 2010.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        There is no known way of deriving the Navier-Stokes equation from the Bolzmann equations.



        There are attempts at putting emergence on a firm mathematical foundation in very wide generality. While the following introduces it only in the context of cellular automata, it generalises well to other domains:



        Robert S. MacKay.Space-time phases, page 387–426. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series. Cambridge University Press, 2013.



        See also this paper for another method for quantifying emergence using shannon entropy:



        ROBIN C. BALL, MARINA DIAKONOVA, and ROBERT S. MACKAY.Quantifying emergence in terms of persistent mutual information.Advancesin Complex Systems, 13(03):327–338, 2010.







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Dec 14 '18 at 11:47









        Joe ColvinJoe Colvin

        211




        211






























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            Cabo Verde

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              Nota: Cabo-verdiano redireciona para este artigo. Para a língua falada em Cabo Verde, veja crioulo cabo-verdiano. Para outros significados, veja Cabo Verde (desambiguação). Coordenadas: 14° 55' N 23° 31' O Cabo Verde República de Cabo Verde Bandeira Brasão de Armas Lema: Unidade, Trabalho, Progresso Hino nacional: Cântico da Liberdade Gentílico: cabo-verdiano [ 1 ] Capital Praia 14° 55' N 23° 31' O Cidade mais populosa Praia Língua oficial Português Governo República unitária semipresidencialista [ 2 ]  - Presidente Jorge Carlos Fonseca  - Primeiro-ministro Ulisses Correia e Silva História    - Descoberta 1460   - Independência 00 • de Portugal 5 de Julho de 1975   - Multipartidarismo 13 de Janeiro de 1990  Área    - Total 4 033 km² (146.º)  - Água (%) 0,08 População    - Estimativa para 2017 560 899 [ 3 ] hab. (173.º) ...
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            Gyllenstierna

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