$limlimits_{sto0^+}sum_nfrac{cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)}{n^s}$ &...












8












$begingroup$



$(1).$ Show that:
$$ lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=color{red}{-frac{1}{2}} quadcolonspaceforall,minmathbb{N}^{+}tag{1} $$
$(2).$ Find a closed-form for:
$$ lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=color{red}{,,,,?,,,,} quadcolonspace,,,,minmathbb{N}^{+}tag{2} $$






Both series converge by Dirichlet's test for $mathrm{Re}(s)>0$.


I could not find a good reason way the first series shall converge to the same constant!!


Thanks for you help.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    The limit in $(2)$ equals $dfrac12 cotleft(dfrac pi{2m}right)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Tianlalu
    Oct 10 '18 at 0:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Tianlalu: Thanks, but how to show it (if it is the correct answer)?
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Oct 10 '18 at 0:39












  • $begingroup$
    If we can prove $lim_{sto0^+}operatorname{Li}_s(z)= operatorname{Li}_0(z)$, then the question is trivial.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 0:54
















8












$begingroup$



$(1).$ Show that:
$$ lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=color{red}{-frac{1}{2}} quadcolonspaceforall,minmathbb{N}^{+}tag{1} $$
$(2).$ Find a closed-form for:
$$ lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=color{red}{,,,,?,,,,} quadcolonspace,,,,minmathbb{N}^{+}tag{2} $$






Both series converge by Dirichlet's test for $mathrm{Re}(s)>0$.


I could not find a good reason way the first series shall converge to the same constant!!


Thanks for you help.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    The limit in $(2)$ equals $dfrac12 cotleft(dfrac pi{2m}right)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Tianlalu
    Oct 10 '18 at 0:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Tianlalu: Thanks, but how to show it (if it is the correct answer)?
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Oct 10 '18 at 0:39












  • $begingroup$
    If we can prove $lim_{sto0^+}operatorname{Li}_s(z)= operatorname{Li}_0(z)$, then the question is trivial.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 0:54














8












8








8


2



$begingroup$



$(1).$ Show that:
$$ lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=color{red}{-frac{1}{2}} quadcolonspaceforall,minmathbb{N}^{+}tag{1} $$
$(2).$ Find a closed-form for:
$$ lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=color{red}{,,,,?,,,,} quadcolonspace,,,,minmathbb{N}^{+}tag{2} $$






Both series converge by Dirichlet's test for $mathrm{Re}(s)>0$.


I could not find a good reason way the first series shall converge to the same constant!!


Thanks for you help.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$





$(1).$ Show that:
$$ lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=color{red}{-frac{1}{2}} quadcolonspaceforall,minmathbb{N}^{+}tag{1} $$
$(2).$ Find a closed-form for:
$$ lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=color{red}{,,,,?,,,,} quadcolonspace,,,,minmathbb{N}^{+}tag{2} $$






Both series converge by Dirichlet's test for $mathrm{Re}(s)>0$.


I could not find a good reason way the first series shall converge to the same constant!!


Thanks for you help.







sequences-and-series closed-form trigonometric-series






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Dec 15 '18 at 4:39









AOrtiz

10.5k21341




10.5k21341










asked Oct 10 '18 at 0:00









Hazem OrabiHazem Orabi

2,7532528




2,7532528












  • $begingroup$
    The limit in $(2)$ equals $dfrac12 cotleft(dfrac pi{2m}right)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Tianlalu
    Oct 10 '18 at 0:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Tianlalu: Thanks, but how to show it (if it is the correct answer)?
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Oct 10 '18 at 0:39












  • $begingroup$
    If we can prove $lim_{sto0^+}operatorname{Li}_s(z)= operatorname{Li}_0(z)$, then the question is trivial.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 0:54


















  • $begingroup$
    The limit in $(2)$ equals $dfrac12 cotleft(dfrac pi{2m}right)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Tianlalu
    Oct 10 '18 at 0:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Tianlalu: Thanks, but how to show it (if it is the correct answer)?
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Oct 10 '18 at 0:39












  • $begingroup$
    If we can prove $lim_{sto0^+}operatorname{Li}_s(z)= operatorname{Li}_0(z)$, then the question is trivial.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 0:54
















$begingroup$
The limit in $(2)$ equals $dfrac12 cotleft(dfrac pi{2m}right)$.
$endgroup$
– Tianlalu
Oct 10 '18 at 0:36




$begingroup$
The limit in $(2)$ equals $dfrac12 cotleft(dfrac pi{2m}right)$.
$endgroup$
– Tianlalu
Oct 10 '18 at 0:36












$begingroup$
@Tianlalu: Thanks, but how to show it (if it is the correct answer)?
$endgroup$
– Hazem Orabi
Oct 10 '18 at 0:39






$begingroup$
@Tianlalu: Thanks, but how to show it (if it is the correct answer)?
$endgroup$
– Hazem Orabi
Oct 10 '18 at 0:39














$begingroup$
If we can prove $lim_{sto0^+}operatorname{Li}_s(z)= operatorname{Li}_0(z)$, then the question is trivial.
$endgroup$
– Kemono Chen
Dec 14 '18 at 0:54




$begingroup$
If we can prove $lim_{sto0^+}operatorname{Li}_s(z)= operatorname{Li}_0(z)$, then the question is trivial.
$endgroup$
– Kemono Chen
Dec 14 '18 at 0:54










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















4












$begingroup$

$$f(z,s)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}frac{z^n}{n^s}$$ can be analytically continue to all complex $z$ except $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1$ and for complex $s$ in the disk $|s|<1$. So we need only to evaluate $f(z,s=0)$ for $|z|<1$. That is
$$f(z,s=0)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}z^n=frac z{1-z},, forall |z|<1.$$
Analytically continue this fraction to $|z|=1bigwedge zne 1$, we have $forallthetainmathbf Rbigwedgethetane0$
$$lim_{srightarrow 0}f(e^{itheta},s)= lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}atop srightarrow 0} f(z,s)=lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}} f(z,s=0)=frac {e^{itheta}}{1- e^{itheta}}=-frac12+frac i2cotfrac theta 2.$$
Separating out the real and imaginary parts of the above equation, we obtain the desired results.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    ... can be analytically continue to the whole complex plane except at $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1 bigwedge s=1$ No, consider $s=2$, it is not even meromorphic in the complex plane. And the imaginary part is missing a factor $frac12$. Just to be rigorous, the general idea of your answer is correct.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 3:37










  • $begingroup$
    @KemonoChen: You are right. Thank you. I have made the correction. I will add even more details later.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 14 '18 at 9:20










  • $begingroup$
    I wish if I can split the bounty, many thanks.
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Dec 18 '18 at 9:37










  • $begingroup$
    @HazemOrabi: Haha. No worries.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 18 '18 at 21:12



















4





+100







$begingroup$

Denote $fracpi m=x$, rewrite $$lim_{sto0^+}left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)$$
where $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is the analytic continuation of $sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^s}$ and is named polylogarithm function.
Notice that $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is holomorphic in $s$ in a neighborhood of the origin whatever $z$ is, hence continuous in $sin(0,epsilon)$. We have
$$lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)=frac12left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} left(frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}+frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}right)=frac12$$
Similarly, $$lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=frac1{2i}left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})-operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} i left(frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}-frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}right)=frac12cotfrac x2$$
Evaluation of $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$
$$sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^0}=zsum_{n=0}^infty z^n=frac{z}{1-z}(|z|<1)$$
Since $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$ is the analytic continuation of it, $operatorname{Li}_0(z)=frac{z}{1-z}$.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    According to this development, $m$ need not be restricted to the natural numbers.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark Viola
    Dec 14 '18 at 2:08










  • $begingroup$
    It is slightly surreal to see a solution jumping to fine properties of polylogarithms to "help" an OP whose background is obviously lacking these.
    $endgroup$
    – Did
    Dec 15 '18 at 6:51











Your Answer





StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
});
});
}, "mathjax-editing");

StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "69"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});


}
});














draft saved

draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2949312%2flim-limits-s-to0-sum-n-frac-cos-left-pi-fracnm-rightns-lim%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown

























2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes








2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









4












$begingroup$

$$f(z,s)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}frac{z^n}{n^s}$$ can be analytically continue to all complex $z$ except $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1$ and for complex $s$ in the disk $|s|<1$. So we need only to evaluate $f(z,s=0)$ for $|z|<1$. That is
$$f(z,s=0)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}z^n=frac z{1-z},, forall |z|<1.$$
Analytically continue this fraction to $|z|=1bigwedge zne 1$, we have $forallthetainmathbf Rbigwedgethetane0$
$$lim_{srightarrow 0}f(e^{itheta},s)= lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}atop srightarrow 0} f(z,s)=lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}} f(z,s=0)=frac {e^{itheta}}{1- e^{itheta}}=-frac12+frac i2cotfrac theta 2.$$
Separating out the real and imaginary parts of the above equation, we obtain the desired results.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    ... can be analytically continue to the whole complex plane except at $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1 bigwedge s=1$ No, consider $s=2$, it is not even meromorphic in the complex plane. And the imaginary part is missing a factor $frac12$. Just to be rigorous, the general idea of your answer is correct.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 3:37










  • $begingroup$
    @KemonoChen: You are right. Thank you. I have made the correction. I will add even more details later.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 14 '18 at 9:20










  • $begingroup$
    I wish if I can split the bounty, many thanks.
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Dec 18 '18 at 9:37










  • $begingroup$
    @HazemOrabi: Haha. No worries.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 18 '18 at 21:12
















4












$begingroup$

$$f(z,s)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}frac{z^n}{n^s}$$ can be analytically continue to all complex $z$ except $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1$ and for complex $s$ in the disk $|s|<1$. So we need only to evaluate $f(z,s=0)$ for $|z|<1$. That is
$$f(z,s=0)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}z^n=frac z{1-z},, forall |z|<1.$$
Analytically continue this fraction to $|z|=1bigwedge zne 1$, we have $forallthetainmathbf Rbigwedgethetane0$
$$lim_{srightarrow 0}f(e^{itheta},s)= lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}atop srightarrow 0} f(z,s)=lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}} f(z,s=0)=frac {e^{itheta}}{1- e^{itheta}}=-frac12+frac i2cotfrac theta 2.$$
Separating out the real and imaginary parts of the above equation, we obtain the desired results.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    ... can be analytically continue to the whole complex plane except at $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1 bigwedge s=1$ No, consider $s=2$, it is not even meromorphic in the complex plane. And the imaginary part is missing a factor $frac12$. Just to be rigorous, the general idea of your answer is correct.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 3:37










  • $begingroup$
    @KemonoChen: You are right. Thank you. I have made the correction. I will add even more details later.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 14 '18 at 9:20










  • $begingroup$
    I wish if I can split the bounty, many thanks.
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Dec 18 '18 at 9:37










  • $begingroup$
    @HazemOrabi: Haha. No worries.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 18 '18 at 21:12














4












4








4





$begingroup$

$$f(z,s)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}frac{z^n}{n^s}$$ can be analytically continue to all complex $z$ except $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1$ and for complex $s$ in the disk $|s|<1$. So we need only to evaluate $f(z,s=0)$ for $|z|<1$. That is
$$f(z,s=0)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}z^n=frac z{1-z},, forall |z|<1.$$
Analytically continue this fraction to $|z|=1bigwedge zne 1$, we have $forallthetainmathbf Rbigwedgethetane0$
$$lim_{srightarrow 0}f(e^{itheta},s)= lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}atop srightarrow 0} f(z,s)=lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}} f(z,s=0)=frac {e^{itheta}}{1- e^{itheta}}=-frac12+frac i2cotfrac theta 2.$$
Separating out the real and imaginary parts of the above equation, we obtain the desired results.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



$$f(z,s)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}frac{z^n}{n^s}$$ can be analytically continue to all complex $z$ except $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1$ and for complex $s$ in the disk $|s|<1$. So we need only to evaluate $f(z,s=0)$ for $|z|<1$. That is
$$f(z,s=0)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}z^n=frac z{1-z},, forall |z|<1.$$
Analytically continue this fraction to $|z|=1bigwedge zne 1$, we have $forallthetainmathbf Rbigwedgethetane0$
$$lim_{srightarrow 0}f(e^{itheta},s)= lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}atop srightarrow 0} f(z,s)=lim_{zrightarrow e^{itheta}} f(z,s=0)=frac {e^{itheta}}{1- e^{itheta}}=-frac12+frac i2cotfrac theta 2.$$
Separating out the real and imaginary parts of the above equation, we obtain the desired results.







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Dec 15 '18 at 4:36

























answered Dec 14 '18 at 2:08









HansHans

4,98021032




4,98021032












  • $begingroup$
    ... can be analytically continue to the whole complex plane except at $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1 bigwedge s=1$ No, consider $s=2$, it is not even meromorphic in the complex plane. And the imaginary part is missing a factor $frac12$. Just to be rigorous, the general idea of your answer is correct.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 3:37










  • $begingroup$
    @KemonoChen: You are right. Thank you. I have made the correction. I will add even more details later.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 14 '18 at 9:20










  • $begingroup$
    I wish if I can split the bounty, many thanks.
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Dec 18 '18 at 9:37










  • $begingroup$
    @HazemOrabi: Haha. No worries.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 18 '18 at 21:12


















  • $begingroup$
    ... can be analytically continue to the whole complex plane except at $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1 bigwedge s=1$ No, consider $s=2$, it is not even meromorphic in the complex plane. And the imaginary part is missing a factor $frac12$. Just to be rigorous, the general idea of your answer is correct.
    $endgroup$
    – Kemono Chen
    Dec 14 '18 at 3:37










  • $begingroup$
    @KemonoChen: You are right. Thank you. I have made the correction. I will add even more details later.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 14 '18 at 9:20










  • $begingroup$
    I wish if I can split the bounty, many thanks.
    $endgroup$
    – Hazem Orabi
    Dec 18 '18 at 9:37










  • $begingroup$
    @HazemOrabi: Haha. No worries.
    $endgroup$
    – Hans
    Dec 18 '18 at 21:12
















$begingroup$
... can be analytically continue to the whole complex plane except at $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1 bigwedge s=1$ No, consider $s=2$, it is not even meromorphic in the complex plane. And the imaginary part is missing a factor $frac12$. Just to be rigorous, the general idea of your answer is correct.
$endgroup$
– Kemono Chen
Dec 14 '18 at 3:37




$begingroup$
... can be analytically continue to the whole complex plane except at $zin mathbf R bigwedge zge1 bigwedge s=1$ No, consider $s=2$, it is not even meromorphic in the complex plane. And the imaginary part is missing a factor $frac12$. Just to be rigorous, the general idea of your answer is correct.
$endgroup$
– Kemono Chen
Dec 14 '18 at 3:37












$begingroup$
@KemonoChen: You are right. Thank you. I have made the correction. I will add even more details later.
$endgroup$
– Hans
Dec 14 '18 at 9:20




$begingroup$
@KemonoChen: You are right. Thank you. I have made the correction. I will add even more details later.
$endgroup$
– Hans
Dec 14 '18 at 9:20












$begingroup$
I wish if I can split the bounty, many thanks.
$endgroup$
– Hazem Orabi
Dec 18 '18 at 9:37




$begingroup$
I wish if I can split the bounty, many thanks.
$endgroup$
– Hazem Orabi
Dec 18 '18 at 9:37












$begingroup$
@HazemOrabi: Haha. No worries.
$endgroup$
– Hans
Dec 18 '18 at 21:12




$begingroup$
@HazemOrabi: Haha. No worries.
$endgroup$
– Hans
Dec 18 '18 at 21:12











4





+100







$begingroup$

Denote $fracpi m=x$, rewrite $$lim_{sto0^+}left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)$$
where $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is the analytic continuation of $sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^s}$ and is named polylogarithm function.
Notice that $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is holomorphic in $s$ in a neighborhood of the origin whatever $z$ is, hence continuous in $sin(0,epsilon)$. We have
$$lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)=frac12left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} left(frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}+frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}right)=frac12$$
Similarly, $$lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=frac1{2i}left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})-operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} i left(frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}-frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}right)=frac12cotfrac x2$$
Evaluation of $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$
$$sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^0}=zsum_{n=0}^infty z^n=frac{z}{1-z}(|z|<1)$$
Since $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$ is the analytic continuation of it, $operatorname{Li}_0(z)=frac{z}{1-z}$.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    According to this development, $m$ need not be restricted to the natural numbers.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark Viola
    Dec 14 '18 at 2:08










  • $begingroup$
    It is slightly surreal to see a solution jumping to fine properties of polylogarithms to "help" an OP whose background is obviously lacking these.
    $endgroup$
    – Did
    Dec 15 '18 at 6:51
















4





+100







$begingroup$

Denote $fracpi m=x$, rewrite $$lim_{sto0^+}left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)$$
where $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is the analytic continuation of $sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^s}$ and is named polylogarithm function.
Notice that $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is holomorphic in $s$ in a neighborhood of the origin whatever $z$ is, hence continuous in $sin(0,epsilon)$. We have
$$lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)=frac12left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} left(frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}+frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}right)=frac12$$
Similarly, $$lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=frac1{2i}left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})-operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} i left(frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}-frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}right)=frac12cotfrac x2$$
Evaluation of $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$
$$sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^0}=zsum_{n=0}^infty z^n=frac{z}{1-z}(|z|<1)$$
Since $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$ is the analytic continuation of it, $operatorname{Li}_0(z)=frac{z}{1-z}$.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    According to this development, $m$ need not be restricted to the natural numbers.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark Viola
    Dec 14 '18 at 2:08










  • $begingroup$
    It is slightly surreal to see a solution jumping to fine properties of polylogarithms to "help" an OP whose background is obviously lacking these.
    $endgroup$
    – Did
    Dec 15 '18 at 6:51














4





+100







4





+100



4




+100



$begingroup$

Denote $fracpi m=x$, rewrite $$lim_{sto0^+}left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)$$
where $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is the analytic continuation of $sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^s}$ and is named polylogarithm function.
Notice that $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is holomorphic in $s$ in a neighborhood of the origin whatever $z$ is, hence continuous in $sin(0,epsilon)$. We have
$$lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)=frac12left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} left(frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}+frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}right)=frac12$$
Similarly, $$lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=frac1{2i}left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})-operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} i left(frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}-frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}right)=frac12cotfrac x2$$
Evaluation of $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$
$$sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^0}=zsum_{n=0}^infty z^n=frac{z}{1-z}(|z|<1)$$
Since $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$ is the analytic continuation of it, $operatorname{Li}_0(z)=frac{z}{1-z}$.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



Denote $fracpi m=x$, rewrite $$lim_{sto0^+}left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}cosleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{e^{ixn}+e^{-ixn}}{2n^s}\
=lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)$$
where $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is the analytic continuation of $sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^s}$ and is named polylogarithm function.
Notice that $operatorname{Li}_s(z)$ is holomorphic in $s$ in a neighborhood of the origin whatever $z$ is, hence continuous in $sin(0,epsilon)$. We have
$$lim_{sto0^+}frac12left(operatorname{Li}_s(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_s(e^{-ix})right)=frac12left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})+operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} left(frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}+frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}right)=frac12$$
Similarly, $$lim_{sto0^+},left[sum_{n=1}^{infty}sinleft(pifrac{n}{m}right)frac{1}{n^s}right]=frac1{2i}left(operatorname{Li}_0(e^{ix})-operatorname{Li}_0(e^{-ix})right)=frac{1}{2} i left(frac{e^{-i x}}{1-e^{-i x}}-frac{e^{i x}}{1-e^{i x}}right)=frac12cotfrac x2$$
Evaluation of $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$
$$sum_{n=1}^inftyfrac{z^n}{n^0}=zsum_{n=0}^infty z^n=frac{z}{1-z}(|z|<1)$$
Since $operatorname{Li}_0(z)$ is the analytic continuation of it, $operatorname{Li}_0(z)=frac{z}{1-z}$.







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Dec 14 '18 at 2:55

























answered Dec 14 '18 at 1:19









Kemono ChenKemono Chen

2,8531738




2,8531738












  • $begingroup$
    According to this development, $m$ need not be restricted to the natural numbers.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark Viola
    Dec 14 '18 at 2:08










  • $begingroup$
    It is slightly surreal to see a solution jumping to fine properties of polylogarithms to "help" an OP whose background is obviously lacking these.
    $endgroup$
    – Did
    Dec 15 '18 at 6:51


















  • $begingroup$
    According to this development, $m$ need not be restricted to the natural numbers.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark Viola
    Dec 14 '18 at 2:08










  • $begingroup$
    It is slightly surreal to see a solution jumping to fine properties of polylogarithms to "help" an OP whose background is obviously lacking these.
    $endgroup$
    – Did
    Dec 15 '18 at 6:51
















$begingroup$
According to this development, $m$ need not be restricted to the natural numbers.
$endgroup$
– Mark Viola
Dec 14 '18 at 2:08




$begingroup$
According to this development, $m$ need not be restricted to the natural numbers.
$endgroup$
– Mark Viola
Dec 14 '18 at 2:08












$begingroup$
It is slightly surreal to see a solution jumping to fine properties of polylogarithms to "help" an OP whose background is obviously lacking these.
$endgroup$
– Did
Dec 15 '18 at 6:51




$begingroup$
It is slightly surreal to see a solution jumping to fine properties of polylogarithms to "help" an OP whose background is obviously lacking these.
$endgroup$
– Did
Dec 15 '18 at 6:51


















draft saved

draft discarded




















































Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid



  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2949312%2flim-limits-s-to0-sum-n-frac-cos-left-pi-fracnm-rightns-lim%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown





















































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown

































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown







Popular posts from this blog

Måne

Storängen

VLT Carioca