if $x-y =sqrt{x}-sqrt{y}$ with $xneq y$ then $(1+frac{1}{x})(1+frac{1}{y})geq 25$?
$begingroup$
let $xneq y$ be positive real numbers such that :$x-y= sqrt{x}-sqrt{y}$ , I have tried to prove this inequality $(1+frac{1}{x})(1+frac{1}{y})geq 25$ that i have created but i didn't got it.
Attempt I have showed that:$(frac{1}{x}+frac{1}{y})geq frac{2}{sqrt{xy}}$ using this identity: $(sqrt{x}-sqrt{y})^2geq0$ , I also showed that :$frac{1}{xy}geq frac{1}{16}$ , Now I have used both result I have got the following inequality :$(1+frac{y}{x})(1+frac{x}{y})geq 25$ but not what i have claimed , any way ?
real-analysis inequality a.m.-g.m.-inequality
$endgroup$
|
show 6 more comments
$begingroup$
let $xneq y$ be positive real numbers such that :$x-y= sqrt{x}-sqrt{y}$ , I have tried to prove this inequality $(1+frac{1}{x})(1+frac{1}{y})geq 25$ that i have created but i didn't got it.
Attempt I have showed that:$(frac{1}{x}+frac{1}{y})geq frac{2}{sqrt{xy}}$ using this identity: $(sqrt{x}-sqrt{y})^2geq0$ , I also showed that :$frac{1}{xy}geq frac{1}{16}$ , Now I have used both result I have got the following inequality :$(1+frac{y}{x})(1+frac{x}{y})geq 25$ but not what i have claimed , any way ?
real-analysis inequality a.m.-g.m.-inequality
$endgroup$
3
$begingroup$
I am missing something or the inequality is false for $x =y=1$ whike the equality is true?
$endgroup$
– Tito Eliatron
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
$begingroup$
If $x=y=1$, $x-y=sqrt x-sqrt y$, but $(1+{1over x})(1+{1over y})=4$, which is not greater than or equal to 25.
$endgroup$
– Steve Kass
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
$begingroup$
Tkae $;x=y=1;$ as an easy counter example....
$endgroup$
– DonAntonio
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
2
$begingroup$
If you omit $x=y$ as solutions, then your condition is equivalent to $sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}=1$.
$endgroup$
– Cheerful Parsnip
Dec 30 '18 at 22:52
1
$begingroup$
@TitoEliatron you mean $sqrt x+sqrt y=1$
$endgroup$
– Mark Bennet
Dec 30 '18 at 23:04
|
show 6 more comments
$begingroup$
let $xneq y$ be positive real numbers such that :$x-y= sqrt{x}-sqrt{y}$ , I have tried to prove this inequality $(1+frac{1}{x})(1+frac{1}{y})geq 25$ that i have created but i didn't got it.
Attempt I have showed that:$(frac{1}{x}+frac{1}{y})geq frac{2}{sqrt{xy}}$ using this identity: $(sqrt{x}-sqrt{y})^2geq0$ , I also showed that :$frac{1}{xy}geq frac{1}{16}$ , Now I have used both result I have got the following inequality :$(1+frac{y}{x})(1+frac{x}{y})geq 25$ but not what i have claimed , any way ?
real-analysis inequality a.m.-g.m.-inequality
$endgroup$
let $xneq y$ be positive real numbers such that :$x-y= sqrt{x}-sqrt{y}$ , I have tried to prove this inequality $(1+frac{1}{x})(1+frac{1}{y})geq 25$ that i have created but i didn't got it.
Attempt I have showed that:$(frac{1}{x}+frac{1}{y})geq frac{2}{sqrt{xy}}$ using this identity: $(sqrt{x}-sqrt{y})^2geq0$ , I also showed that :$frac{1}{xy}geq frac{1}{16}$ , Now I have used both result I have got the following inequality :$(1+frac{y}{x})(1+frac{x}{y})geq 25$ but not what i have claimed , any way ?
real-analysis inequality a.m.-g.m.-inequality
real-analysis inequality a.m.-g.m.-inequality
edited Dec 31 '18 at 4:21
Michael Rozenberg
105k1893198
105k1893198
asked Dec 30 '18 at 22:44
zeraoulia rafikzeraoulia rafik
2,41611030
2,41611030
3
$begingroup$
I am missing something or the inequality is false for $x =y=1$ whike the equality is true?
$endgroup$
– Tito Eliatron
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
$begingroup$
If $x=y=1$, $x-y=sqrt x-sqrt y$, but $(1+{1over x})(1+{1over y})=4$, which is not greater than or equal to 25.
$endgroup$
– Steve Kass
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
$begingroup$
Tkae $;x=y=1;$ as an easy counter example....
$endgroup$
– DonAntonio
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
2
$begingroup$
If you omit $x=y$ as solutions, then your condition is equivalent to $sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}=1$.
$endgroup$
– Cheerful Parsnip
Dec 30 '18 at 22:52
1
$begingroup$
@TitoEliatron you mean $sqrt x+sqrt y=1$
$endgroup$
– Mark Bennet
Dec 30 '18 at 23:04
|
show 6 more comments
3
$begingroup$
I am missing something or the inequality is false for $x =y=1$ whike the equality is true?
$endgroup$
– Tito Eliatron
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
$begingroup$
If $x=y=1$, $x-y=sqrt x-sqrt y$, but $(1+{1over x})(1+{1over y})=4$, which is not greater than or equal to 25.
$endgroup$
– Steve Kass
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
$begingroup$
Tkae $;x=y=1;$ as an easy counter example....
$endgroup$
– DonAntonio
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
2
$begingroup$
If you omit $x=y$ as solutions, then your condition is equivalent to $sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}=1$.
$endgroup$
– Cheerful Parsnip
Dec 30 '18 at 22:52
1
$begingroup$
@TitoEliatron you mean $sqrt x+sqrt y=1$
$endgroup$
– Mark Bennet
Dec 30 '18 at 23:04
3
3
$begingroup$
I am missing something or the inequality is false for $x =y=1$ whike the equality is true?
$endgroup$
– Tito Eliatron
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
$begingroup$
I am missing something or the inequality is false for $x =y=1$ whike the equality is true?
$endgroup$
– Tito Eliatron
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
1
$begingroup$
If $x=y=1$, $x-y=sqrt x-sqrt y$, but $(1+{1over x})(1+{1over y})=4$, which is not greater than or equal to 25.
$endgroup$
– Steve Kass
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
$begingroup$
If $x=y=1$, $x-y=sqrt x-sqrt y$, but $(1+{1over x})(1+{1over y})=4$, which is not greater than or equal to 25.
$endgroup$
– Steve Kass
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
1
$begingroup$
Tkae $;x=y=1;$ as an easy counter example....
$endgroup$
– DonAntonio
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
$begingroup$
Tkae $;x=y=1;$ as an easy counter example....
$endgroup$
– DonAntonio
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
2
2
$begingroup$
If you omit $x=y$ as solutions, then your condition is equivalent to $sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}=1$.
$endgroup$
– Cheerful Parsnip
Dec 30 '18 at 22:52
$begingroup$
If you omit $x=y$ as solutions, then your condition is equivalent to $sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}=1$.
$endgroup$
– Cheerful Parsnip
Dec 30 '18 at 22:52
1
1
$begingroup$
@TitoEliatron you mean $sqrt x+sqrt y=1$
$endgroup$
– Mark Bennet
Dec 30 '18 at 23:04
$begingroup$
@TitoEliatron you mean $sqrt x+sqrt y=1$
$endgroup$
– Mark Bennet
Dec 30 '18 at 23:04
|
show 6 more comments
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Following the hints of the comments, your condition implies that
$$sqrt{x} + sqrt{y} = 1$$
AM-GM states
$$1 geq 2sqrt{sqrt{xy}} implies 1/4 geq sqrt{xy}$$
Use Cauchy on
$$(1+1/x)(1+1/y) geq (1+1/sqrt{xy})^2$$
Pluggin in what you got in the AM-GM for $sqrt{xy}$,
$$geq (1+ 4)^2 =25$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Just to give a different approach, let $x=1/u^2$ and $y=1/v^2$ with $u,vgt0$. Then
$$begin{align}
x-sqrt x=y-sqrt y
&implies{1over u^2}-{1over v^2}={1over u}-{1over v}\
&implies{(v-u)(v+u)over u^2v^2}={v-uover uv}\
&implies{v+uover uv}=1\
&implies{1over u}+{1over v}=1
end{align}$$
provided $unot=v$ (i.e., provided $xnot=y$), which allows the cancellation of the $v-u$ term. Note this now requires $u,vgt1$. We also have
$${v+uover uv}=1implies uv=u+vimplies u^2v^2=(v+u)^2=u^2+v^2+2uv=u^2+v^2+2u+2v$$
It follows that
$$begin{align}
left(1+{1over x}right)left(1+{1over y}right)
&=(1+u^2)(1+v^2)\
&=1+u^2+v^2+u^2v^2\
&=1+2u^2+2v^2+2u+2v\
&={(2u+1)^2+(2v+1)^2over2}\
>{(2cdot1+1)^2+(2cdot1+1)^2over2}\
&=25
end{align}$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
By AM-GM
$$left(1+frac{1}{x}right)left(1+frac{1}{y}right)=left(1+frac{4}{4x}right)left(1+frac{4}{4y}right)geq$$
$$geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4x)^4}}cdotfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4y)^4}}=frac{25}{sqrt[5]{4^{8}left(sqrt{xy}right)^8}}geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{4^8left(frac{sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}}{2}right)^{16}}}=25.$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The function
$$ymapsto logleft(1+tfrac{1}{y^2}right)$$
is convex on $(0,infty)$, so Jensen's inequality
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{Y^2}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[Y]^2}right)$$
holds for any positive random variable $Y$. Letting $Y=sqrt{X}$, in particular we have
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{X}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]^2}right)$$
for any positive random variable $X$.
Now, let $X$ be a categorical variable taking on the $N$ positive values $x_0,x_1,ldots,x_{N-1}$ with equal probability $tfrac{1}{N}$, and suppose that
$$mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]=frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=frac{1}{N}text{.}$$
Then the inequality above is
$$frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}logleft(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq log(1+N^2)text{;}$$
taking exponentials, we have shown that
$$boxed{sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=1Rightarrowprod_{i=0}^{N-1}left(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq (1+N^2)^N }text{.}$$
OP's inequality is the case $N=2$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
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4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Following the hints of the comments, your condition implies that
$$sqrt{x} + sqrt{y} = 1$$
AM-GM states
$$1 geq 2sqrt{sqrt{xy}} implies 1/4 geq sqrt{xy}$$
Use Cauchy on
$$(1+1/x)(1+1/y) geq (1+1/sqrt{xy})^2$$
Pluggin in what you got in the AM-GM for $sqrt{xy}$,
$$geq (1+ 4)^2 =25$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Following the hints of the comments, your condition implies that
$$sqrt{x} + sqrt{y} = 1$$
AM-GM states
$$1 geq 2sqrt{sqrt{xy}} implies 1/4 geq sqrt{xy}$$
Use Cauchy on
$$(1+1/x)(1+1/y) geq (1+1/sqrt{xy})^2$$
Pluggin in what you got in the AM-GM for $sqrt{xy}$,
$$geq (1+ 4)^2 =25$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Following the hints of the comments, your condition implies that
$$sqrt{x} + sqrt{y} = 1$$
AM-GM states
$$1 geq 2sqrt{sqrt{xy}} implies 1/4 geq sqrt{xy}$$
Use Cauchy on
$$(1+1/x)(1+1/y) geq (1+1/sqrt{xy})^2$$
Pluggin in what you got in the AM-GM for $sqrt{xy}$,
$$geq (1+ 4)^2 =25$$
$endgroup$
Following the hints of the comments, your condition implies that
$$sqrt{x} + sqrt{y} = 1$$
AM-GM states
$$1 geq 2sqrt{sqrt{xy}} implies 1/4 geq sqrt{xy}$$
Use Cauchy on
$$(1+1/x)(1+1/y) geq (1+1/sqrt{xy})^2$$
Pluggin in what you got in the AM-GM for $sqrt{xy}$,
$$geq (1+ 4)^2 =25$$
answered Dec 30 '18 at 23:30
Jack FJack F
1112
1112
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Just to give a different approach, let $x=1/u^2$ and $y=1/v^2$ with $u,vgt0$. Then
$$begin{align}
x-sqrt x=y-sqrt y
&implies{1over u^2}-{1over v^2}={1over u}-{1over v}\
&implies{(v-u)(v+u)over u^2v^2}={v-uover uv}\
&implies{v+uover uv}=1\
&implies{1over u}+{1over v}=1
end{align}$$
provided $unot=v$ (i.e., provided $xnot=y$), which allows the cancellation of the $v-u$ term. Note this now requires $u,vgt1$. We also have
$${v+uover uv}=1implies uv=u+vimplies u^2v^2=(v+u)^2=u^2+v^2+2uv=u^2+v^2+2u+2v$$
It follows that
$$begin{align}
left(1+{1over x}right)left(1+{1over y}right)
&=(1+u^2)(1+v^2)\
&=1+u^2+v^2+u^2v^2\
&=1+2u^2+2v^2+2u+2v\
&={(2u+1)^2+(2v+1)^2over2}\
>{(2cdot1+1)^2+(2cdot1+1)^2over2}\
&=25
end{align}$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Just to give a different approach, let $x=1/u^2$ and $y=1/v^2$ with $u,vgt0$. Then
$$begin{align}
x-sqrt x=y-sqrt y
&implies{1over u^2}-{1over v^2}={1over u}-{1over v}\
&implies{(v-u)(v+u)over u^2v^2}={v-uover uv}\
&implies{v+uover uv}=1\
&implies{1over u}+{1over v}=1
end{align}$$
provided $unot=v$ (i.e., provided $xnot=y$), which allows the cancellation of the $v-u$ term. Note this now requires $u,vgt1$. We also have
$${v+uover uv}=1implies uv=u+vimplies u^2v^2=(v+u)^2=u^2+v^2+2uv=u^2+v^2+2u+2v$$
It follows that
$$begin{align}
left(1+{1over x}right)left(1+{1over y}right)
&=(1+u^2)(1+v^2)\
&=1+u^2+v^2+u^2v^2\
&=1+2u^2+2v^2+2u+2v\
&={(2u+1)^2+(2v+1)^2over2}\
>{(2cdot1+1)^2+(2cdot1+1)^2over2}\
&=25
end{align}$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Just to give a different approach, let $x=1/u^2$ and $y=1/v^2$ with $u,vgt0$. Then
$$begin{align}
x-sqrt x=y-sqrt y
&implies{1over u^2}-{1over v^2}={1over u}-{1over v}\
&implies{(v-u)(v+u)over u^2v^2}={v-uover uv}\
&implies{v+uover uv}=1\
&implies{1over u}+{1over v}=1
end{align}$$
provided $unot=v$ (i.e., provided $xnot=y$), which allows the cancellation of the $v-u$ term. Note this now requires $u,vgt1$. We also have
$${v+uover uv}=1implies uv=u+vimplies u^2v^2=(v+u)^2=u^2+v^2+2uv=u^2+v^2+2u+2v$$
It follows that
$$begin{align}
left(1+{1over x}right)left(1+{1over y}right)
&=(1+u^2)(1+v^2)\
&=1+u^2+v^2+u^2v^2\
&=1+2u^2+2v^2+2u+2v\
&={(2u+1)^2+(2v+1)^2over2}\
>{(2cdot1+1)^2+(2cdot1+1)^2over2}\
&=25
end{align}$$
$endgroup$
Just to give a different approach, let $x=1/u^2$ and $y=1/v^2$ with $u,vgt0$. Then
$$begin{align}
x-sqrt x=y-sqrt y
&implies{1over u^2}-{1over v^2}={1over u}-{1over v}\
&implies{(v-u)(v+u)over u^2v^2}={v-uover uv}\
&implies{v+uover uv}=1\
&implies{1over u}+{1over v}=1
end{align}$$
provided $unot=v$ (i.e., provided $xnot=y$), which allows the cancellation of the $v-u$ term. Note this now requires $u,vgt1$. We also have
$${v+uover uv}=1implies uv=u+vimplies u^2v^2=(v+u)^2=u^2+v^2+2uv=u^2+v^2+2u+2v$$
It follows that
$$begin{align}
left(1+{1over x}right)left(1+{1over y}right)
&=(1+u^2)(1+v^2)\
&=1+u^2+v^2+u^2v^2\
&=1+2u^2+2v^2+2u+2v\
&={(2u+1)^2+(2v+1)^2over2}\
>{(2cdot1+1)^2+(2cdot1+1)^2over2}\
&=25
end{align}$$
answered Dec 31 '18 at 0:53
Barry CipraBarry Cipra
59.8k653126
59.8k653126
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
By AM-GM
$$left(1+frac{1}{x}right)left(1+frac{1}{y}right)=left(1+frac{4}{4x}right)left(1+frac{4}{4y}right)geq$$
$$geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4x)^4}}cdotfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4y)^4}}=frac{25}{sqrt[5]{4^{8}left(sqrt{xy}right)^8}}geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{4^8left(frac{sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}}{2}right)^{16}}}=25.$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
By AM-GM
$$left(1+frac{1}{x}right)left(1+frac{1}{y}right)=left(1+frac{4}{4x}right)left(1+frac{4}{4y}right)geq$$
$$geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4x)^4}}cdotfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4y)^4}}=frac{25}{sqrt[5]{4^{8}left(sqrt{xy}right)^8}}geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{4^8left(frac{sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}}{2}right)^{16}}}=25.$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
By AM-GM
$$left(1+frac{1}{x}right)left(1+frac{1}{y}right)=left(1+frac{4}{4x}right)left(1+frac{4}{4y}right)geq$$
$$geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4x)^4}}cdotfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4y)^4}}=frac{25}{sqrt[5]{4^{8}left(sqrt{xy}right)^8}}geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{4^8left(frac{sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}}{2}right)^{16}}}=25.$$
$endgroup$
By AM-GM
$$left(1+frac{1}{x}right)left(1+frac{1}{y}right)=left(1+frac{4}{4x}right)left(1+frac{4}{4y}right)geq$$
$$geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4x)^4}}cdotfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{(4y)^4}}=frac{25}{sqrt[5]{4^{8}left(sqrt{xy}right)^8}}geqfrac{5}{sqrt[5]{4^8left(frac{sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}}{2}right)^{16}}}=25.$$
answered Dec 31 '18 at 2:24
Michael RozenbergMichael Rozenberg
105k1893198
105k1893198
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The function
$$ymapsto logleft(1+tfrac{1}{y^2}right)$$
is convex on $(0,infty)$, so Jensen's inequality
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{Y^2}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[Y]^2}right)$$
holds for any positive random variable $Y$. Letting $Y=sqrt{X}$, in particular we have
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{X}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]^2}right)$$
for any positive random variable $X$.
Now, let $X$ be a categorical variable taking on the $N$ positive values $x_0,x_1,ldots,x_{N-1}$ with equal probability $tfrac{1}{N}$, and suppose that
$$mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]=frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=frac{1}{N}text{.}$$
Then the inequality above is
$$frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}logleft(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq log(1+N^2)text{;}$$
taking exponentials, we have shown that
$$boxed{sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=1Rightarrowprod_{i=0}^{N-1}left(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq (1+N^2)^N }text{.}$$
OP's inequality is the case $N=2$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The function
$$ymapsto logleft(1+tfrac{1}{y^2}right)$$
is convex on $(0,infty)$, so Jensen's inequality
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{Y^2}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[Y]^2}right)$$
holds for any positive random variable $Y$. Letting $Y=sqrt{X}$, in particular we have
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{X}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]^2}right)$$
for any positive random variable $X$.
Now, let $X$ be a categorical variable taking on the $N$ positive values $x_0,x_1,ldots,x_{N-1}$ with equal probability $tfrac{1}{N}$, and suppose that
$$mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]=frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=frac{1}{N}text{.}$$
Then the inequality above is
$$frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}logleft(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq log(1+N^2)text{;}$$
taking exponentials, we have shown that
$$boxed{sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=1Rightarrowprod_{i=0}^{N-1}left(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq (1+N^2)^N }text{.}$$
OP's inequality is the case $N=2$.
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add a comment |
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The function
$$ymapsto logleft(1+tfrac{1}{y^2}right)$$
is convex on $(0,infty)$, so Jensen's inequality
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{Y^2}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[Y]^2}right)$$
holds for any positive random variable $Y$. Letting $Y=sqrt{X}$, in particular we have
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{X}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]^2}right)$$
for any positive random variable $X$.
Now, let $X$ be a categorical variable taking on the $N$ positive values $x_0,x_1,ldots,x_{N-1}$ with equal probability $tfrac{1}{N}$, and suppose that
$$mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]=frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=frac{1}{N}text{.}$$
Then the inequality above is
$$frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}logleft(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq log(1+N^2)text{;}$$
taking exponentials, we have shown that
$$boxed{sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=1Rightarrowprod_{i=0}^{N-1}left(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq (1+N^2)^N }text{.}$$
OP's inequality is the case $N=2$.
$endgroup$
The function
$$ymapsto logleft(1+tfrac{1}{y^2}right)$$
is convex on $(0,infty)$, so Jensen's inequality
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{Y^2}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[Y]^2}right)$$
holds for any positive random variable $Y$. Letting $Y=sqrt{X}$, in particular we have
$$mathrm{E}left[,logleft(1+tfrac{1}{X}right)right]geq logleft(1+tfrac{1}{mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]^2}right)$$
for any positive random variable $X$.
Now, let $X$ be a categorical variable taking on the $N$ positive values $x_0,x_1,ldots,x_{N-1}$ with equal probability $tfrac{1}{N}$, and suppose that
$$mathrm{E}[sqrt{X}]=frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=frac{1}{N}text{.}$$
Then the inequality above is
$$frac{1}{N}sum_{i=0}^{N-1}logleft(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq log(1+N^2)text{;}$$
taking exponentials, we have shown that
$$boxed{sum_{i=0}^{N-1}sqrt{x_i}=1Rightarrowprod_{i=0}^{N-1}left(1+tfrac{1}{x_i}right)geq (1+N^2)^N }text{.}$$
OP's inequality is the case $N=2$.
answered Dec 31 '18 at 5:33
K B DaveK B Dave
3,462317
3,462317
add a comment |
add a comment |
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3
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I am missing something or the inequality is false for $x =y=1$ whike the equality is true?
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– Tito Eliatron
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
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If $x=y=1$, $x-y=sqrt x-sqrt y$, but $(1+{1over x})(1+{1over y})=4$, which is not greater than or equal to 25.
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– Steve Kass
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
1
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Tkae $;x=y=1;$ as an easy counter example....
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– DonAntonio
Dec 30 '18 at 22:51
2
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If you omit $x=y$ as solutions, then your condition is equivalent to $sqrt{x}+sqrt{y}=1$.
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– Cheerful Parsnip
Dec 30 '18 at 22:52
1
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@TitoEliatron you mean $sqrt x+sqrt y=1$
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– Mark Bennet
Dec 30 '18 at 23:04